Chemistry practical skills

EDIT

How do you separate a solid from a liquid when you want to keep the liquid? - Gravity filtration

Filter with filter paper and funnel, dispose of solid at end.

How do you separate a solid from a liquid when you want to keep the solid? - Filtering under reduced pressure

Buchner flask (side arm flask) with Buchner funnel on top
Make seal airtight with stopper
Place filter paper inside funnel
Attach vacuum source (or water top to create a vacuum) to side arm
Add solid + liquid to buchner funnel. Vacuum source reduces the pressure and pulls the liquid down into the flask

Removes more liquid than gravity filtration would

What type of filtration should be used if the chemist wants the solid calcium carbonate?

Filtration under reduced pressure

What type of filtration should be used if the chemist wants the calcium chloride solution?

Gravity filtration