GENERAL RULES of qualitative analysis

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Chemistry

Chemical Reactions

IGCSE Chemistry

Edexcel

Inorganic Chemistry

qualititive analysis

trends

11th

Last updated 11:03 AM on 3/24/26
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7 Terms

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always INSOLUBLE cations

Iron (Fe2+) (Fe3+)

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always WHITE cations in both tests

Aluminium (Al3+) and Zinc (Zn2+)

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only always SOLUBLE cation

Zinc (Zn2+)

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HALIDE ions

(Cl-) (Br-) (I-)

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HALIDE test

acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate

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colours aren’t clear enough for the halide ions

After adding dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate

  • White precipitate + dissolves in dilute ammonia (NH₃) → Chloride (Cl⁻)

  • Cream precipitate + dissolves in conc. (NH₃) → Bromide (Br⁻)

  • Yellow precipitate + does NOT dissolve → Iodide (I⁻)

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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) test

turns acidified potassium manganate (VII) from purple to colourless