GENERAL RULES of qualitative analysis
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Last updated 11:03 AM on 3/24/26
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7 Terms
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always INSOLUBLE cations
Iron (Fe2+) (Fe3+)
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always WHITE cations in both tests
Aluminium (Al3+) and Zinc (Zn2+)
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only always SOLUBLE cation
Zinc (Zn2+)
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HALIDE ions
(Cl-) (Br-) (I-)
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HALIDE test
acidify with dilute nitric acid, then add aqueous silver nitrate
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colours aren’t clear enough for the halide ions
After adding dilute nitric acid and aqueous silver nitrate
White precipitate + dissolves in dilute ammonia (NH₃) → Chloride (Cl⁻)
Cream precipitate + dissolves in conc. (NH₃) → Bromide (Br⁻)
Yellow precipitate + does NOT dissolve → Iodide (I⁻)
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Sulfur dioxide (SO2) test
turns acidified potassium manganate (VII) from purple to colourless
