Robert Curthose 1078-83

What was Robert Curthose made in return for being a loyal son?

Coin of Maine and recognised as the heir of Normandy

Who did Robert assist when William returned to England in 1067?

His mother, Mathilda, in governing the duchy of Normandy

When did Robert assume greater responsibility of Normandy?

After Matilda's departure for her crowning in 1068

What did William view Robert as?

Spoilt and irresponsible therefore subjecting him to taunts and humiliation in court

What happened in 1075?

Robert, 25, demanded more power and became increasingly angry

What ended the little autonomy Robert had enjoyed in Normandy?

William's increased presence in Normandy as he directed its defence

What happened in 1077/78 when tensions came to a head?

A brawl broke out between Robert and his younger brothers

What happened that day after the siblings' brawl?

Robert and followers signalled open revolt by attempting g to seize Rouen castle before fleeing into exile

Why was Robert's exile a crisis for not only William but also the wider Norman elite?

Robert's rebellious entourage embraced the sons of many of the great families including Robert of Belleme (son of Roger of Montgomery) and William of Breteuil (son of William fitzOsbern)

What did Robert's entourage reveal?

A generational divide between the close-knit warriors that conquered England and their children who felt shut out from power

What testified for the magnetism of Robert's personality?

His amount of support; he had built up a large and powerful entourage of knights

What were Robert's knights renowned for?

Their arrogance, sense of entitlement and extravagant lifestyle

When did Robert's rebellion become significantly more menacing?

When Robert toured the courts of Flanders and France

What did Philip supply Robert with when he toured the French courts?

Knights and a castle at Gerberoy, near Beauvais

What did Robert's control of the castle at Gerberoy allow him to do?

Raid into the east of Normandy

What highlights the seriousness of the situation?

William laid siege in the depths of winter shortly after 1078

What happened three weeks after William laid seige?

The rebels sallied out into battle and unexpectedly won

What happened to William before his defeat?

He was unhorsed and wounded by his son in the arm

Who was also injured fighting for William?

William Rufus

What did William of Malmesbury describe Gerberoy as?

William the Conquerer's greatest humiliation

Why did the king's sense of betrayal increase?

He discovered his wife's involvement in supplying Robert with her funds

What did King Malcom do after hearing the news of Gerberoy?

He raved over the border from the river Tweed to to the River Tees in 1079

What happened to William's leading magnates such as Roger of Montgomery and Roger of Beaumont?

They mediated between father and son

Which figure increased to pressure on William to reconcile with his son?

The Pope

What happened in Easter 1080?

William relented and welcomed Robert back to Normandy and reconfirmed his inheritance

How did Robert act as a dutiful son in autumn 1080?

He set out to punish Scotland on his father's behalf and founded Newcastle