Introduction to Pharmaceutical Science 2 - Dosage Forms

Detailed vocabulary flashcards covering topical, rectal, and vaginal dosage forms based on the lecture by Dr. Javed Iqbal.

Ointments

Semi solid, greasy preparations for application to the skin, rectum or nasal mucosa with an anhydrous base that is usually immiscible with skin secretions.

Oil-in-water (O/W) creams

Semi solid emulsions composed of small droplets of oil dispersed in a continuous aqueous phase; they are less greasy and more easily washed off with water.

Water-in-oil (W/O) creams

Semi solid emulsions composed of small droplets of water dispersed in a continuous oily phase which provide an oily barrier to reduce water loss.

Stratum corneum

The outermost layer of the skin.

Gels (Jellies)

Semisolid systems in which a liquid phase is constrained within a 3D polymeric matrix consisting of natural or synthetic gum.

Poultice

A soft, viscous, pasty preparation applied to the skin while hot to supply warmth to inflamed parts of the body, such as Kaolin poultice (B.P.C).

Pastes

Ointments containing a high percentage of insoluble solid particulate matter, making them less penetrating and more opaque than standard ointments.

Leaser's paste

A specific type of fatty paste dosage form.

Bassorin paste

A specific type of non-greasy paste dosage form.

Dusting powders

Free flowing very fine powders for external use that must be sterilized if used on open wounds.

Transdermal patch

A medicated adhesive patch placed on the skin to provide controlled release of medication into the bloodstream.

Scopolamine

The medication used in the first commercially available transdermal patch, designed for motion sickness.

Plasters

Solid or semisolid masses spread upon cotton felt line or muslin backing that adhere to the skin to afford protection, mechanical support, or occlusive action.

Liniments

Fluid, semi fluid or semi solid preparations intended for application to the skin, often as a counter irritant, and should not be applied to broken skin.

Collodion

A highly flammable solution of nitrocellulose in ether or acetone, also known by the generic name pyroxylin solution.

Compound Wart Remover

An acetone collodion base containing acetic acid and salicylic acid used for treatment of warts by keratolysis.

Skin paints

Liquid preparations for the skin containing a volatile solvent that evaporates quickly to leave a dry resinous film of medication.

Throat paints

Viscous liquid preparations with a high content of glycerol designed to prolong contact of medication with the affected site.

Aerosols

Products packaged in pressurized dispensers; surface sprays produce droplets of $100\,\mu m$ diameter or greater.

Suppository

A small solid medicated mass, usually cone shaped, that is inserted into the rectum or vagina where it melts at body temperature.

Enema

The procedure of introducing liquids into the rectum and colon via the anus.

Evacuant enema

A bowel stimulant used to treat constipation that may reach a volume of up to $2\,liters$ and should be warmed to body temperature before administration.

Retention enema

An enema with a volume not exceeding $100\,ml$ that does not require warming and can exert local or systemic effects.

Barium enema

A type of retention enema used as a contrast substance in the radiological imaging of the bowel.

Pessaries

Solid medicated preparations designed for insertion into the vagina; types include moulded, compressed, or vaginal capsules.

Vaginal ring

A doughnut shaped polymeric drug delivery device designed for controlled release of drugs over extended periods.

Femring

A silicone elastomer vaginal ring that releases a low dose of estradiol acetate to treat hot flashes and vaginal atrophy.

NuvaRing

A low dose contraceptive vaginal ring that releases progesterone and estrogen.

Douche

A device used to introduce a stream of water into the body for medical or hygienic reasons.

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A birth control device, also known as a coil, placed in the uterus for 5 to 10 years; categories include copper-based or hormonally based (progesterone).