important things to know

What does CBR stand for and what does it measure?

Crude Birth Rate; it measures the number of live births per 1,000 people in a year.

What is the formula for calculating NIR?

Natural Increase Rate; calculated by subtracting Crude Death Rate (CDR) from Crude Birth Rate (CBR).

What does TFR stand for?

Total Fertility Rate; it is the average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime.

Define Infant Mortality Rate (IMR).

The number of infant deaths per 1,000 live births within the first year.

What is meant by 'Doubling Time'?

The time taken for a population to double in size.

What does the Dependency Ratio indicate?

It is the ratio of dependents (people younger than 15 or older than 64) to the working-age population.

Explain the difference between Arithmetic Density and Physiological Density.

Arithmetic Density is total population divided by total land area, while Physiological Density is total population divided by arable land area.

What characterizes Stage 1 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

High birth and death rates with a stable population.

Describe the Malthusian Theory.

It posits that population growth will outpace resources, leading to famine.

Differentiate between Internal Migration and International Migration.

Internal Migration is moving within a country; International Migration is moving between countries.

What is Brain Drain?

The emigration of educated or skilled individuals to another country.

What is a Cultural Landscape?

It refers to the modifications of the environment by human activity.

What is a Lingua Franca?

A common language facilitating communication among speakers of different native languages.

Define the concept of Ethnic Enclaves.

Communities distinguished by ethnic identity.

What is a Stateless Nation?

A nation without a state.

Explain the concept of Devolution.

The transfer of authority from central to local governments.

What are Gerrymandering practices?

Manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor a particular political party.

What does the Von Thünen Model explain?

It explains agricultural land use in relation to transportation costs.

What are Food Deserts?

Areas with limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

What defines a Megacity?

A city with significant population and urban complexity.

What are Quaternary and Quinary economic sectors?

Quaternary involves knowledge-based services; Quinary involves high-level decision making and management.

What is Outsourcing?

Obtaining goods or services from an external source.

What is the purpose of Special Economic Zones (SEZs)?

Areas with economic regulations different from the rest of the country to attract foreign investment.

Define Microloans.

Small loans given to individuals for self-employment projects.