AP World PART ONE

1-5

Song Dynasty

civil service exam, paper money, confucianism based, farmers granted land ownership, champa rice causes population boom, conquered by the Mongols

Zoroastrianism

predates Islam, originated in Iran, battle between good and evil in everyday light

Judaism

prophets, Torah, widespread diaspora, monotheistic

Christianity

based on Judaism but with less rules, Jesus, divided into Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox

Islam

Prophet Muhammed, united Arabs, Quran, spread through trade and conquest, these societies pioneered in math, science, architecture and medicine

Daoism

originated in ancient China, live in harmony with nature, Dao de Jing, no gods

Confucianism

founded by confucians in ancient China, emphasize education, no gods, respect for elders and superiors

Neo-confucianism

Song dynasty version of confucianism, intentionally separated from Buddhist and Daoist ideas

Hinduism

Brahma-creator, Vishna-sustainer, Shiva-destroyer, karma, rebirth, originated in India

Buddhism

originated in India, searching for enlightenment, reform of Hinduism, let go of selfish desires, rejected caste system

Sikhism

based in Punjab, mix of Hinduism and Islam, rejected caste division

foot binding

Song dynasty practice in which a young girl would have her feet broken and bound into tiny shoes to make them smaller, popular among elites, limited the woman’s mobility

600-1450 Europe

small, unhygienic, crowded, superstitious, squalid

600-1450 West Asia

artistic, rich, Islamic, advanced in math and science, diverse

600-1450 East Asia

Well constructed, prosperous, organized, cosmopolitan

600-1450 Americas

orderly, sprawling, advanced, creative

600-1450 Africa

large, wealthy, trade centers

Dar al-Islam

“House of Islam”, referring to countries under Islam. Origin of fundamentals of medicine, algebra

Fall of Rome

476-Major population decline, lead to creation of feudalism

Yuan dynasty

Mongols took control of China, Mongol-ruled dynasty

Bhakti movement

South Asian Hinduism reform, devotion to just one Hindu god

Majapahit kingdom 1293-1520

On island of Java, Buddhist naval power

Khmer empire 800-1400s

Formerly Hindu, became Buddhist as shown in Angkor Wat,

Aztecs

tribute states, enslaved captives used for human sacrifice, herbal remedies, calendar, not centralized

Inca

Temple of the Sun, census records

Silk Road

major trade route spanning across Eurasia, trade of luxury goods such as silk and porcelain due to travel being expensive, increase in demand for food

causes of trade expansion

improved compass, astrolabe, new ship designs such as Chinese junks, Mongol unification

effects of trade expansion

spread of religions, increased wealth, paper money, credit, and gunpowder

Caravanserai

Inns and guest houses along the silk road providing safety, brought merchants of different cultures together

Swahili city states

independent city states along east coast of Africa, acted as brokers for African goods (gold, ivory, enslaved people), became Islamic and joined Dar al-Islam

Zheng He

sent by Ming China to enroll states in the Indian ocean into China’s tributary system

Trans Saharan trade

trade across Saharan Africa, gold and salt, urbanized cities like Timbuktu and Songhai

Mongol Empire

largest land empire in history, facilitated trade, conquered Song and Abbasid, increased international communication

Pox Mongolica

peace in the Mongol empire caused by unification

Indian Ocean trade

major trade hub in the Indian ocean, so profitable it lead to countries improving their ship technology