HPE 362 Final Study Guide: Chapters 7-11 Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards for HPE 362 Final Exam covering joint anatomy, muscle groups, ligaments, and skeletal structures of the hand, hip, knee, ankle, and spine.

Metacarpophalangeal (MCP)

One of the finger joints located between the metacarpals and the phalanges.

Proximal interphalangeal (PIP)

The finger joint located between the proximal and middle phalanges.

Distal interphalangeal (DIP)

The finger joint located between the middle and distal phalanges.

Wrist and Hand Bones

A total of $29$ bones, including the radius, ulna, $8$ carpal bones in $2$ rows of $4$, $5$ metacarpal bones, and $14$ phalanges.

Phalanges

The bones of the fingers, with $3$ for each finger (proximal, middle, and distal) except the thumb, which has only $2$.

Wrist Flexors

The group of muscles including the flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, and palmaris longus.

Wrist Extensors

The group of muscles including the extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, and extensor carpi ulnaris.

Brachial Plexus Nerves

The $3$ nerves identified in the wrist and hand study guide: musculocutaneous nerve, axillary nerve, and radial nerve.

Pelvic Girdle

The bony structure composed of the ischium, ilium, and pubis.

Hip Joint

A ball and socket joint formally known as the acetabulofemoral joint.

Gluteus minimums

A muscle primarily responsible for hip abduction.

Iliofemoral (Y) ligament

A ligament located anteriorly on the hip joint that prevents hyperextension.

Pubofemoral ligament

A ligament located anteromedially and inferiorly that limits hip overextension and abduction.

Teres ligament

A ligament attaching from deep in the acetabulum to the femoral head that slightly limits hip adduction.

Ischiofemoral ligament

A posterior ligament extending from the ischium to the trochanteric fossa of the femur that limits internal rotation.

Acetabular labrum

A lining around the periphery of the acetabulum that enhances stability and acts as a shock absorber for the hip joint.

Patella

A bone that serves as a pulley to improve the angle of pull, resulting in a greater mechanical advantage in knee extension.

Fibula

A bone that does not articulate with the femur and plays a significant role in ankle stabilization.

ACL and PCL

Ligaments that cross within the knee between the tibia and femur to maintain anterior, posterior, and rotatory stability.

MCL

A ligament that maintains medial knee stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing abduction.

Quadriceps Group

The muscle group responsible for knee extension, consisting of the rectus femoris, vastus mediailis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius.

Hamstring Group

The muscle group responsible for knee flexion, consisting of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus.

Q angle

The angle formed between the quadriceps muscle line of pull and the patellar tendon, reflecting knee alignment; normally $15\text{ degrees}$ or less for males and $20\text{ degrees}$ or less for females.

Stance Phase

The phase of gait beginning with a heel strike (foot in supination) and followed by mid stance (moving into pronation).

Swing Phase

The phase of gait where the foot leaves the ground and the leg moves forward to another point of contact.

Ankle Joint

A hinge or ginglymus-type joint composed of the talus, distal tibia, and distal fibula, allowing $50\text{ degrees}$ of plantar flexion and $15$ to $20\text{ degrees}$ of dorsiflexion.

Plantar fascia

A broad structure extending from the medial calcaneal tuberosity to the proximal phalanges that stabilizes the medial longitudinal arch.

Shin splints

A non-specific term for painful leg conditions often associated with running, involving the tibialis posterior, medial soleus, or anterior tibialis.

Cervical Vertebrae

The $7$ articulating vertebrae comprising the neck region of the spine.

Thoracic Vertebrae

The $12$ articulating vertebrae comprising the chest region of the spine.

Lumbar Vertebrae

The $5$ articulating vertebrae comprising the lower back region of the spine.

Lordosis

A spinal condition characterized by increased posterior concavity of the lumbar and cervical curves.

Kyphosis

A spinal condition characterized by increased anterior concavity of the thoracic curve.

Scoliosis

A spinal condition characterized by lateral curvatures or sideward deviations of the spine.