CAM 17 TEST 1/ TEST 2

population

people living in a city

grow at an astonishing rate

increase rapidly

congested

overcrowded, crowded

expansion

growth, development

passengers arriving

people coming into the city

resolve problems

find a solution

advocate

supporter

solution

answer, remedy

underground railway

tube, underground line

link together

connect

clear slums

remove poor housing areas

relocate

move people

poor workers

working-class residents

inner-city slums

overcrowded urban slums

newly constructed suburbs

new suburban areas

cheap rail travel

affordable transport

gained support

received agreement, approval

rejected

refused, turned down

radical scheme

ambitious project

objectors

opponents

collapse

fall down

persisted

continued despite difficulties

invested

put money into

eventually

finally, in the end

route

path, line

minimise expense

reduce cost

demolish buildings

pull down buildings

cut and cover

shallow tunnel construction method

trench

long narrow hole

timber beams

wooden supports

brick arch

curved brick roof

layer of soil

covering of earth

rebuild

construct again

opened

began operation

extension

expansion of a line

authorised

officially approved

specially designed

purpose-built

ventilation shafts

air shafts

smoke and fumes

pollution, emissions

congestion

traffic overcrowding

existing lines

current railways

circuit

loop, ring

capital's centre

central London

not an option

impossible to use

alternative

different method

tunnel deep underground

bore deep tunnels

confined space

limited space

reliable

dependable

power supply

electricity source

technical achievement

engineering success

popular

widely liked, well-used

growing network

expanding system

heart of today's Underground system

core of the modern network

commission (danh từ)

ủy ban

slum (danh từ)

khu ổ chuột

carriage (danh từ)

xe ngựa, toa xe

advocate (danh từ)

người ủng hộ, người vận động

solicitor (danh từ)

luật sư (ở Anh)

Parliament (danh từ)

Quốc hội

objector (danh từ)

người phản đối

trench (danh từ)

hào, rãnh đào

timber beam (danh từ)

dầm gỗ

brick arch (danh từ)

mái vòm bằng gạch

locomotive (danh từ)

đầu máy xe lửa

boiler (danh từ)

nồi hơi

steam (danh từ)

hơi nước

fume (danh từ)

khói, hơi độc

circuit (danh từ)

tuyến vòng khép kín

confined space (danh từ)

không gian chật hẹp, hạn chế

electric motor (danh từ)

động cơ điện

generator (danh từ)

máy phát điện

tunnel wall (danh từ)

vách hầm

power supply (danh từ)

nguồn điện

technical achievement (danh từ)

thành tựu kỹ thuật

tube network (danh từ)

mạng lưới tàu điện ngầm

negative attitudes

scepticism

construction projects

stadium building

environmental benefits

=> reduce carbon dioxide emissions

facilities

public spaces and services

flexibility

versatility

convenient

accessible

less convenient locations

suburban areas

fortress

military stronghold

storage

depot

homes

residences

incorporated into

embedded in

endure

survive

regenerate

revive, bring back

compactness

efficient use of space

multi-functionality

mixed-use

wider cross-section of society

community

blueprint

model

power plant

power station

smart grid

digital electricity network

detect and react

monitor and respond

canopies

roofs

photovoltaic panels

solar panels

micro wind turbines

small wind generators

renewable power generators

photovoltaic panels + wind turbines

inaugurated

officially opened