Virology - RNA Virus - Picornavirus, Reovirus, Calicivirus, Arbovirus

f. All

RNA viruses.

a. Generally single-stranded

b. Mostly are enveloped and helical

c. Replicate in the cytoplasm

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. Reovirus

Only RNA virus that is double-stranded.

a. Reovirus

b. Calicivirus

c. Picornavirus

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

f. All

Naked RNA viruses.

a. Reovirus

b. Calicivirus

c. Picornavirus

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

RNA Virus.

I. PICORNAVIRUS

II. REOVIRUS

III. CALICIVIRUS

IV. ARBOVIRUS

V. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS

VI. ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

VII. PARAMYXOVIRUS

VIII. CORONAVIRUS

IX. RHABDOVIRUS

X. RETROVIRUS

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

d. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

e. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X

c. Both

PICORNAVIRUS main pathogenic families.

a. Enterovirus

b. Rhinovirus

c. Both

d. None

f. All

Enteroviruses.

a. Transient inhabitants of human alimentary tract and maybe isolated from throat or lower intestines

b. Primarily infects the enteric tract and diffuses into different body parts

c. Optimally grown at 37°C and stable under acid conditions

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III

Enteroviruses.

I. Poliovirus

II. Coxsackie virus

III. Echovirus

a. I, II, III

b. I, II

c. I, III

d. II, III

a. Poliovirus

Causes "poliomyelitis" aka Polio which is a lower limb irreversible damage and enters the mouth, multiplies in the oropharynx or intestines initially affects the Peyer's patches of the intestines, then it diffuses to the motor neurons of the lower limbs.

a. Poliovirus

b. Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

a. Mild poliomyelitis

Febrile illness.

a. Mild poliomyelitis

b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis

c. Paralytic poliomyelitis

b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis

Aseptic meningitis.

a. Mild poliomyelitis

b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis

c. Paralytic poliomyelitis

c. Paralytic poliomyelitis - affecting the lower limb

Flaccid paralysis.

a. Mild poliomyelitis

b. Nonparalytic poliomyelitis

c. Paralytic poliomyelitis

a. Salk vaccine

Prophylaxis for Poliovirus:

A formalized vaccine containing the virus grown in monkey kidney cultures; a killed vaccine that induces humoral immunity but not local intestinal immunity.

a. Salk vaccine

b. Sabin vaccine

b. Sabin vaccine

Prophylaxis for Poliovirus:

A live attenuated virus grown in primary monkey or human diploid cell culture; produces IgM and IgG in the blood and in the intestines which provides resistance to reinfection.

a. Salk vaccine

b. Sabin vaccine

b. Coxsackie virus

First isolated in New York and subdivided into Group A, Group B, Group C.

a. Poliovirus

b. Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

a. Group A Coxsackie Virus

Causes herpangina and hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)

a. Group A Coxsackie Virus

b. Group B Coxsackie virus

c. Group C Coxsackie virus

a. Herpangina

A severe febrile vesicular pharyngitis; characterized by an abrupt fever and sore throat with discrete vesicles on the palate, pharynx, tonsils, and tongue.

a. Herpangina

b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)

b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)

Oral and pharyngeal ulcerations and a vesicular rash of the palms and soles that may spread to the arms and legs.

a. Herpangina

b. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (A16)

b. Group B Coxsackie virus

Causes aseptic meningitis, myocarditis, pericarditis, and generalized disease of infants.

a. Group A Coxsackie Virus

b. Group B Coxsackie virus

c. Group C Coxsackie virus

b. Group B Coxsackie virus

Causes pleurodynia or "Bornholm disease" or "Epidermic myalgia" or "Devils grip" characterized by fever and stabbing chest pain lasting for 2 days to 2 weeks.

a. Group A Coxsackie Virus

b. Group B Coxsackie virus

c. Group C Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

Enterocytopathogenic Orphan Viruses

a. Poliovirus

b. Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

c. Echovirus

Infect the human enteric tract and can be recovered from humans only by inoculation of certain tissue cultures.

a. Poliovirus

b. Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

c. Echovirus

Causes acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis and meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis resembling poliomyelitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

a. Poliovirus

b. Coxsackie virus

c. Echovirus

a. Enterovirus 70

Specific echovirus causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.

a. Enterovirus 70

b. Enterovirus 71

b. Enterovirus 71

Specific echovirus causing meningitis, encephalitis, paralysis resembling poliomyelitis and hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

a. Enterovirus 70

b. Enterovirus 71

e. None

True about Rhinoviruses except:

a. Common cold virus

b. Usually isolated in nasal secretions but may also be found in the throat and oral secretions.

c. Grows better at 33°C, acid-labile and readily mutates.

d. Transmitted through contaminated fingers

e. None

b. REOVIRUS

Respiratory, enteric, and orphan virus.

a. PICORNAVIRUS

b. REOVIRUS

c. CALICIVIRUS

d. ARBOVIRUS

e. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS

f. All

True about REOVIRUSES.

a. It was isolated from respiratory and enteric tracts

b. Not associated with any disease.

c. The only double stranded RNA virus

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III

REOVIRUSES.

I. Rotavirus

II. Orbivirus

III. Coltivirus

a. I, II, III

b. I, II

c. I, III

d. II, III

a. Rotavirus

It is the most common cause of infantile gastroenteritis and transmitted by the fecal-oral route, where it infects and damages the cells that line the small intestine.

a. Rotavirus

b. Orbivirus

c. Coltivirus

a. True

For rotavirus infection, supportive treatment and oral vaccines are appropriate.

a. True

b. False

b. Orbivirus

Commonly infects insects and can be transmitted to vertebrates with no serious human disease causing only mild fevers.

a. Rotavirus

b. Orbivirus

c. Coltivirus

b. Orbivirus

Bluetongue virus of sheep and African horse sickness virus.

a. Rotavirus

b. Orbivirus

c. Coltivirus

c. Coltivirus

Colorado Tick Fever Virus

a. Rotavirus

b. Orbivirus

c. Coltivirus

c. Coltivirus

1) Causes Colorado tick fever/mountain fever or tick fever characterized by fever, headache, retroorbital pain and severe myalgia.

2) Transmitted by wood tick Dermacentor andersoni among small rodents of the Rocky Mountains like chipmunks and squirrels.

a. Rotavirus

b. Orbivirus

c. Coltivirus

f. All

CALICIVIRUSES

a. Naked

b. Icosahedral symmetry

c. (+) single-stranded RNA

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III, IV, V

CALICIVIRUSES

I. Norovirus: Norwalk virus

II. Sapovirus: Sapporo-like virus

III. Nebovirus: Bovine enteric virus

IV. Lagovirus: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

V. Vesivirus: Vesicular exanthem virus

a. I, II, III, IV, V

b. I, II, III, IV

c. II, III, IV, V

d. I, II, III

e. III, IV, V

d. Lagovirus

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus.

a. Norovirus

b. Sapovirus

c. Nebovirus

d. Lagovirus

e. Vesivirus

a. Norwalk virus

Associated with "winter vomiting disease".

a. Norwalk virus

b. Sapporo-like virus

c. Bovine enteric virus

d. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus

e. Vesicular exanthem virus

f. All

Norwalk virus

a. It was named from an outbreak in Norwalk Elementary School in Ohio in 1969

b. Causes outbreaks of gastroenteritis usually in settings such as schools, camps, cruise ships and similar confined populations

c. Associated with "winter vomiting disease"

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. ARBOVIRUS

Arthropod-borne viruses.

a. PICORNAVIRUS

b. REOVIRUS

c. CALICIVIRUS

d. ARBOVIRUS

e. RODENT-BORNE VIRUS

f. All

Disease categories of ARBOVIRUS.

a. Fever with or without rash

b. Encephalitis

c. Hemorrhagic fevers

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

ARBOVIRUS.

I. Equine Encephalitis Virus

II. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

III. West Nile Fever Virus

IV. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

V. Chikungunya Virus

VI. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

VII. Yellow Fever Virus

VIII. Dengue Virus

IX. California Encephalitis Virus

X. Sandfly Virus

XI. Riff Valley Virus

a. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

b. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX

c. III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

d. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII

e. IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI

f. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV)

Causes "encephalitis" in US and Canada and has East and West variants.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

a. Culiseta mosquito

East EEV is transmitted by

a. Culiseta mosquito

b. Culex mosquito

b. Culex mosquito

Western EEV is transmitted by

a. Culiseta mosquito

b. Culex mosquito

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

Causes "epidemic encephalitis" of humans in North America and reservoirs are wild birds, English Sparrows.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

b. Culex mosquito

St. Louis Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by

a. Culiseta mosquito

b. Culex mosquito

c. West Nile Fever Virus

It occurs in Europe, Middle East, Africa, former Soviet Union, Southwest Asia and is now the leading cause of arboviral encephalitis in US.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

Transmitted from person-to-person through organ transplantation, blood transfusion, in utero and by breastfeeding.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

Leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia (China, Japan, Korea and Indian subcontinent) and affects children and elderly adults.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

A mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes an infection that resembles dengue fever (high fever and severe joint pain) and caused massive outbreaks in India, southeastern Asia, and Indian Ocean region.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

A flavivirus that is an important cause of encephalitis in Europe, Russia, and northern China and transmitted by exposure to the ticks Ixodes persulcatus and Ixodes ricinus.

a. Equine Encephalitis Virus

b. St. Louis Encephalitis Virus

c. West Nile Fever Virus

d. Japanese B Encephalitis Virus

e. Chikungunya Virus

f. Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus

c. Both

Tick-borne Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by:

a. Ixodes persulcatus

b. Ixodes ricinus

c. Both

d. None

a. Yellow Fever Virus

Causes yellow fever characterized by jaundice and fever with two severe life-threatening forms.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus

b. Urban Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Virus Forms:

Disease of humans, transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito.

a. Jungle Yellow Fever

b. Urban Yellow Fever

a. Jungle Yellow Fever

Yellow Fever Virus Forms:

Disease of monkeys, transmitted by arboreal mosquitoes (Haemagogus, Aedes)

a. Jungle Yellow Fever

b. Urban Yellow Fever

b. Dengue Virus

Causes dengue fever or " Dengue Break Bone/Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever" characterized by influenza-like syndrome, severe muscle and joint pains, nausea and vomiting, eye pain and rash.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus

b. Dengue Virus

Causes Break Bone Hemorrhagic Fever.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus

c. Both

Dengue Virus.

a. Associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome which is a severe disease with 10% fatality and characterized by thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage, and septic shock.

b. Common reservoirs are humans and transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus.

c. Both

d. None

c. California Encephalitis Virus

“La Crosse Virus” which is a major cause of encephalitis and aseptic meningitis in children. It is transmitted by woodland mosquitoes primarily Aedes triseriatus and vertebrate hosts are squirrels, chipmunks, and rabbits.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus

c. Aedes triseriatus

California Encephalitis Virus is transmitted by

a. Aedes aegypti

b. Aedes albopictus

c. Aedes triseriatus

d. a and b

e. b and c

f. All

d. Sandfly Virus

A phlebovirus that causes Phlebotomous fever and transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasii.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus - causes "Riff valley fever"

A bunyavirus, a mosquito-borne zoonotic virus pathogen for domestic livestock with the primary vector and reservoir being the Aedes mosquitoes and transmitted by contact with infected animal blood and body fluids and by mosquito bite.

a. Yellow Fever Virus

b. Dengue Virus

c. California Encephalitis Virus

d. Sandfly Virus

e. Riff Valley Virus