Comprehensive Endocrine System: Hormones, Glands, and Functions

Growth Hormone (GH)

Pituitary; Stimulates growth of bones and tissues

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Pituitary; Stimulates thyroid hormone release

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Pituitary; Stimulates adrenal cortex

Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Pituitary; Stimulates egg/sperm production

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Pituitary; Stimulates ovulation & testosterone production

Prolactin

Pituitary; Stimulates milk production

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH / Vasopressin)

Pituitary; Regulates water balance in kidneys

Oxytocin

Pituitary; Stimulates uterine contraction & milk ejection

Thyroxine (T4) / Triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroid; Regulates metabolism

Calcitonin

Thyroid; Lowers blood calcium

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid; Raises blood calcium

Cortisol

Adrenal cortex; Stress response, metabolism

Aldosterone

Adrenal cortex; Sodium retention, potassium excretion

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

Adrenal Medulla; Fight-or-flight response

Insulin

Pancreas; Lowers blood glucose

Glucagon

Pancreas; Raises blood glucose

Somatostatin

Pancreas; Inhibits insulin & glucagon

Estrogen/Progesterone

Ovaries; Female reproductive cycle, secondary sex characteristics

Testosterone

Testes; Male reproductive functions, secondary sex characteristics

Melatonin

Pineal; Regulates sleep-wake cycle

Hypothalamus

Brain; Regulates pituitary gland; produces releasing & inhibiting hormones

Pituitary Gland (Master gland)

Base of brain; Anterior: GH, TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, Prolactin; Posterior: ADH, Oxytocin

Pineal Gland

Brain; Produces melatonin; regulates sleep-wake cycles

Thyroid Gland

Neck; Produces thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), calcitonin; regulates metabolism & calcium levels

Parathyroid Glands

Behind Thyroid; Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH); regulates blood calcium

Adrenal Glands

On top of kidneys; Cortex: cortisol, aldosterone, androgens; Medulla: epinephrine, norepinephrine

Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)

Abdomen; Insulin, glucagon, somatostatin; regulates blood glucose

Ovaries

Pelvis; Estrogen, progesterone; regulate menstrual cycle & secondary sex characteristics

Testes

Scrotum; Testosterone; regulates sperm production & secondary sex characteristics