Topic 2.5 Demographic and Epidemiological Transition Models

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from lecture notes on demographic and epidemiological transition models.

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

The number of births per 1,000 people in a population.

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

The number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population.

Rate of Natural Increase (NIR)

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, indicating population growth.

Stage One (Demographic Transition Model)

Characterized by high crude birth rates and high crude death rates, resulting in low population growth. Often agrarian societies with high infant mortality.

Stage Two (Demographic Transition Model)

Characterized by high crude birth rates and falling crude death rates due to improved sanitation, medicine and food security, leading to high population growth.

Stage Three (Demographic Transition Model)

Characterized by falling crude birth rates (due to factors like women entering the workforce) and falling crude death rates, resulting in moderate population growth.

Stage Four (Demographic Transition Model)

Characterized by low crude birth rates and low crude death rates, leading to low or zero population growth.

Stage Five (Demographic Transition Model)

Characterized by extremely low birth rates and rising crude death rates, leading to negative population growth.

Epidemiological Transition Model

Focuses on how populations evolve over time based on mortality factors, describing changes in population based on mortality.

Endemic

A disease that stays in a local area.

Epidemic

A disease that spreads through a region, infecting neighboring regions.

Pandemic

A disease that spreads across wide geographic areas or from one region to the next.

Stage One (Epidemiological Transition Model)

Pestilence and famine; infectious and parasitic diseases are prevalent.

Stage Two (Epidemiological Transition Model)

Receding pandemics due to improved sanitation, nutrition, and medicine; increased life expectancy.

Stage Three (Epidemiological Transition Model)

Degenerative diseases, with fewer infectious disease deaths and a rise in diseases associated with aging (cancer, strokes, heart disease).

Stage Four (Epidemiological Transition Model)

Delayed degenerative and lifestyle diseases; best medical advances extend life expectancy, but problems arise from junk food and sedentary lifestyles.

Stage Five (Epidemiological Transition Model)

Reemergence of infectious diseases due to antibiotic overuse, rising urbanization, and diseases becoming resistant.