Test 1 Flash Review

TR Auscutation

Holosystolic high pitched blowing sound → Rivero Carvallo

The posterior TV leaflet will be imaged in the ____ view.

PLAX w/ RVIT tilt

In the early stages of RVVO, the patient’s RV wall motion will be:

Increased

Pulmonary acceleration time will be measured ______ using ____ Doppler.

At the RVOT, just proximal to the PV; PW

The M-mode finding most specific to PHTN.

“Flying W” sign

The definitive diagnosis of HCM is made by:

Biopsy of the myocardium

HCM patients will usually have an EF of:

100%

What is the most common type of RCM in the Western World?

Amyloidosis

Normal MPAP

9-18 mmHg

A “speckled” IVS appearance in 2D imaging is associated with:

HCM

What is a classic finding of HCM?

ASH

Severe PHTN

>70 mmHg

Mild TAPSE

1.7 - 1.3 cm

What sign is Pulmonary Emboli associated with in 2D?

McConnel sign (dynamic RV apex + RV free wall akinesis)

What is TAPSE performed with?

M-mode

What is the “Flying W” associated with PHTN due to?

Mid-systolic notching of the PV

Normal SPAP

18 - 25 mmHg

What disease is associated with a “ground glass”appearance of the myocardium?

Amyloidosis

Pulm Stenosis auscultation

harsh systolic ejection murmur w/ potential thrill

PI auscultation

• low pitched diastolic murmur

• Graham-Steel murmur

  • high-pitched, blowing diastolic decrescendo murmur

  • occurs w/ SPAP >70 mmHg + Pulm A ring dilation

DCM Auscultation

S₇ Summation Gallop

TS auscultation

opening snap w/ mid to late diastolic rumble

HCM Auscultation

harsh systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur → late systolic onset

How do we find the “cherry on top” sign associated with amyloidosis?

Strain Echo imaging

What is a characteristic finding of RCM?

Diastolic Regurg (MR / TR)

What is the most common RCM in the western world?

Amyloidosis

What has contributed to the rise in sarcoidosis?

WTC dust + debris

SAM is associated with which of the following?

HCM

‘LV apical ballooning” is the key sign of what disease?

Tako-Tsubo

Normal PV area =

2 -3 cm²

What stage of diastolic dysfunction has a MV E-A >2, an enlarged LA and a Pulmonary Vein AR velocity of >0.35 m/s?

Third

What is a normal ACT?

120 ms

River Carvallo is noted when the patient performs:

Inspiration

ACT of the RVOT will be found using:

PW Doppler

A patient with severe PHTN will present with an ACT of:

<60 ms

True or False. Eosinophilic disease is associated with increased WBC counts.

True

What value is associated with severe PHTN?

70 mmHg

True or False. MR and TR are always associated with DCM.

True

During what cardiac phase does IVS flattening occur with RVVO?

Diastole

During what cardiac phase does IVS flattening occur with RV Pressure Overload?

Systole

What EPSS measurement indicates decreased EF?

>20 mm

When does DCM due to being postpartum typically occur?

Mid-late pregnancy and up to 5 months s/p delivery

What is the typical profile of a patient with stress cardiomyopathy?

Postmenopausal 50 y/o female w/ chronic depression and has suffered a sudden major loss

What is the double diamond sign associated with?

DCM

What mode is the double diamond sign taken with and what valve is it taken at?

M-mode; MV

What dietary deficiency’s are associated with DCM?

Thiamine & Selenium

Where does Carcinoid Heart Disease typically arise from?

Intestines

What sign is seen on M-mode with HCM?

Blueberry on top sign

What is the hallmark sign of Chagas’ disease?

Apical Aneurysms

Sarcoidosis is disease of the:

Lungs

What is the typical patient profile of amyloidosis?

40 y/o African American male w/ progressive CHF

Visualization of “spontaneous smoke” is indicative of:

DCM

Normal TV area

7-9 cm²

Severe TR area

<2 cm²

Normal IVC area

1.2 - 2.3 cm

Normal hepatic veins diameter

0.5 - 1.1 cm

Normal PV area

2-3 cm²

What is the best view for TS?

A4C

Normal Hepatic Vein diameter

0.5 - 1.1 cm

Normal RV width / diameter

1.9 - 2.6 cm

Upper Limit RV width / diameter

3.4 cm (3.3 - 3.6)

How many chordae tendineae does the TV have?

180

What is increased TV peak velocity?

> 1 m/s

SPAP Eisenmenger’s Complex

≥ 120 mmHg

Where does sarcoidosis most commonly affect?

Lungs