N

When assessing grip strength the smallest grip (1) prevents much use of the?

flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis because they are maximally shortened

When assessing grip strength the widest grips (4 and 5) use mostly the?

flexor digitorum profundus

In healthy and motivated patients maximum grip strength occurs at the?

second or third grip width

When assessing grip strength the widest grips (4 and 5) use mostly the?

flexor digitorum profundus

When would you use the Ober Test?

IT band syndrome

The Ober Test is indicated for?

lateral knee pain

When would you use the Fulcrum Test?

femoral neck fracture

When would you use the Barlow Test?

newborn to test for developmental dysplasia of the hip

When would you use the Log Roll Test?

slipped capital femoral epiphysis

What are some characteristics of slipped capital femoral epiphysis?

age 10-17 years

overweight

pain worse with activity

limping

stiffness

flexion, abduction, and internal rotation limited

Define slipped capital femoral epiphysis

displacement of femoral head due to slippage from the growth plate

A patient who has stenosis will do better in which position?

sitting

What is preferred in patients who have a posterolateral lumbar disc buldge?

standing

A patient is asked to grip a card between the thumb and index finger with both hands. The physical therapist pulls on the card away from the patients hand. If the thumb flexes it is indicative of weakness of the?

adductor pollicis with substitution by the flexor pollicis longus

Describe Froment Test

thumbs should stay extended during the test

A positive Froment Test is usually due to a lesion of which nerve?

ulnar

One of the most common causes of a capsular pattern in the shoulder is?

traumatic arthritis following injury to the shoulder

A painful arc is often associated with a?

noncapsular pattern

A painful arc may be observed in a patient who has?

bursitis or tendinitis at the shoulder

A torn rotator cuff is associated with?

weakness and loss of active shoulder elevation

Describe the loss of capsular pattern for torn rotator cuff?

lateral (external) rotation

abduction

medial (internal) rotation

Torticollis is named for?

side of the affected SCM

What is the following torticollis?

cervical rotation to the left

cervical lateral flexion to the right

right

What is the following torticollis?

cervical rotation to the right

cervical lateral flexion to the left

left

Hypomobility of the medial (internal) rotators would cause?

limited lateral (external) rotation

Tightness of the hip capsule would limit?

hip medial (internal) rotation

If a patient demonstrates medial (internal) rotation limitation this could be caused by?

hypomobility of the hip capsule

tightness of the lateral (external) rotators especially piriformis

A posterior trunk lean during stance is associated with?

weak hip extensors (glute max)

What are some exercises that will target the hip extensor and glute max?

double and single leg bridging

What is some specific exercises that would strengthen the glute medius?

single limb stance with pelvic drop and hike

The glute med is a hip?

abductor

What is required to stretch the lumbricals?

metacarpophalangeal extension

interphalangeal flexion

What is the function of the lumbricals?

metacarpophalangeal flexion

interphalangeal extension

What are the signs and symptoms of plantar fasciitis?

medial/plantar pain

worse in the morning

overweight

insidious onset

lack of sensory changes

sedentary lifestyle

What is a common finding with plantar fasciitis?

increased midfoot mobility

What is the function of arch taping?

reduce the stress on the plantar fascia

What intervention would be appropriate for a neuroma?

metatarsal pad

For a patient with plantar fasciitis what typically needs stretched?

plantar flexors

What is the most effective intervention for plantar fasciitis?

heel lifts or heel pads

The talar tilt test assesses the?

calcaneofibular ligament

The Squeeze test assesses the?

syndesmosis

The external rotation test assesses the?

deltoid ligament

The windlass test assesses the?

plantar fascia

What is the function of the biceps brachii?

elbow flexion

forearm supination

What is the function of the brachialis?

elbow flexion

What is the function of the supinator?

forearm supination

What is the function of the brachioradialis?

elbow flexion in mid supination/pronation

The brachialis is the most powerful flexor when the forearm is?

pronated

The abdominal muscles are active during?

sit up (with knees extended)

The inability to achieve a long sitting position would suggest weakness of?

iliopsoas

Meniscus tears are more associated with?

knee locking

buckling

difficulty straightening leg

A tight vastus lateralis could contribute to?

lateral patellar tracking

A weak vastus medialis would contribute to?

lateral patellar tracking

The wrist flexors are located?

medial elbow

What are the primary structures involved in lateral epicondylalgia?

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor communis

The forearm pronators are located?

medial elbow

Individuals who have ankylosing spondylitis tend to assume which postures?

flexed

A physical therapist performs a volar glide to the patient’s finger which was limited which motion does this translate to?

flexion

A therapist performs a dorsal glide to the patient’s finger which was limited what motion will be limited?

extension

A therapist performs a lateral glide of the proximal phalanx of the index finger and was restricted which motion does this translate to?

abduction

What signs and symptoms are consistent with charcot disease?

history of diabetes

distal muscle weakness

muscle atrophy

sensory loss distal more than proximal

decreased/absent achilles reflex

steppage gait

pes cavus/hammer toes/claw toes

According to the Ottawa knee rules, a patient who has post acute knee trauma should be referred for radiographs if what is present?

age 55+

tenderness at the fibular head or patella

inability to flex the knee more than 90 degrees

inability to bear weight for four steps

If the upper trapezius is short what would happen?

elevate the scapula

If the levator scapulae is short what will happen?

elevate and downwardly rotate the scapula

If the teres major was short what would happen?

adduct, extend, and medially (internally) rotate the glenohumeral joint

Describe a swan neck deformity

hyperextension at PIP

flexion at DIP

What ligament when tight can cause limited active DIP flexion?

oblique reticular ligament

What is the intervention for swan neck deformity?

stretch the intrinsic muscles

Cool down exercises are performed immediately after a general aerobic exercise program primarily to prevent?

venous pooling

If there was pressure on the carotid sinus what would happen to the blood pressure?

decrease

If there was pressure on the carotid sinus what would happen to heart rate?

decrease

Manual pressure on the carotid sinus can cause a drop in?

heart rate

blood pressure

both

Increased pain with chest wall palpation is more indicative of?

MSK origin of pain

Increased pain with deep breathing is more indicative of?

pulmonary origin of pain

What type of medication is nitroglucerin?

vasodilator

Describe the function of a vasodilator

improve myocardial blood flow and help relieve ischemia

Relief of pain with antacid ingestion is more indicative of?

referred pain from peptic ulcer disease

Sarcoidosis is what type of disease?

restrictive lung disease

Emphysema is what type of disease?

obstructive lung disease

Peripheral arterial disease correlates most strongly with?

cigarette smoking

male gender

When should ischemia be strongly suspected?

when systolic blood pressure is lower at the ankle than at the arm

Forward stooping while walking is more indicative of?

neurogenic disorder

Pain in the calf with abrupt dorsiflexion is a test that could be used for?

DVT

If a patient demonstrates an ABI of greater than 1.2 what does this mean?

falsely elevated

arterial disease

diabetes

If a patient demonstrates an ABI of 1.19-0.95 what does this mean?

normal

If a patient demonstrates an ABI of 0.94-0.75 what does this mean?

mild arterial disease

intermittent claudication

If a patient demonstrates an ABI of 0.74-0.50 what does this mean?

moderate arterial disease

rest pain

If a patient demonstrates an ABI of less than 0.50 what does this mean?

severe arterial disease

When would compression therapy be contraindicated with ABI?

less than 0.8

What is most likely to be observed in the early stages of COPD?

increased activity of scalenes

A correlation coefficient of 0.26 to 0.49 is considered?

low

Describe what is needed for a ramp

1 inch height to 12 inch ramp length

Continuous ultrasound would provide thermal effects for?

tissue lengthening

Pulsed ultrasound does not have?

thermal effect

The red blood cell count is utilized to assess for?

anemia

Define thrombocytopenia

acute or chronic decrease in the number of platelets in the circulation

The T4 lymphocyte count is used to assess?

immune status in patients who have HIV

Patients who have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome include?

those who have HIV and a CD4 count below 200

Dehydration is associated with?

postural hypotension

The spinothalamic tracts are responsible for?

pain and temperature