Muscles and muscle funcitons

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Occipitofrontalis Frontal Belly

Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead

Occipital belly

Tenses and retracts scalp

Temporoparietalis

Tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear

Temporalis

elevates mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

One side flexes head toward shoulder and rotates face to opposite side

External oblique

Compresses abdomen, depresses ribs, flexes or bends spine

Rectus abdominis

Depresses ribs, flexes vertebral column, compresses abdomen

Rhomboid major

Adducts scapula and performs downward rotation

Serratus anterior

Protracts shoulder; rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)

Trapezius

Depends on active region and state of other muscles; may (1) elevate, retract, depress, or rotate scapula upward (2) elevate clavicle, or (3) extend neck

Deltoid

Whole muscle: abduction at shoulder; anterior part: flexion and medial rotation; posterior part: extension and lateral rotation

Teres major

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Infraspinatus

Lateral rotation at shoulder

Teres minor

Lateral rotation at shoulder

Pectoralis major

Flexion, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Latissimus dorsi

Extension, adduction, and medial rotation at shoulder

Biceps brachii

Flexion at elbow and shoulder; supination

Brachialis

Flexion at elbow

Brachioradialis

Flexion at elbow

Anconeus

Extension at elbow

Triceps brachii lateral head

Extension at elbow

Triceps brachii long head

Extension of the elbow, plus extension and adduction at the shoulder

Pronator teres

Pronation

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexion and abduction at wrist

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexion and adduction at wrist

Palmaris longus

Flexion at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extension and abduction at wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Extension and abduction at wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Extension and adduction at wrist

Extensor digitorum

Extension at finger joints and wrist

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexion at proximal interphalangeal, metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints

Gluteus maximus

Extension and lateral rotation at hip

Gluteus medius

Abduction and medial rotation at hip

Gluteus minimus

Abduction and medial rotation at hip

Tensor fasciae latae

Flexion and medial rotation at hip; tenses fasciae latae, which laterally supports the knee

Adductor longus

Adduction, flexion, and medial rotation at hip

Adductor magnus

Adduction at hip; superior part produces flexion and medial rotation; inferior part produces extension and lateral rotation

Pectineus

Flexion, medial rotation, and adduction at hip

Gracilis

Flexion at knee; adduction and medial rotation at hip

Iliacus

Flexion at hip

Biceps femoris

Flexion at knee; extension and lateral rotation at hip

Semimembranosus

Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

Semitendinosus

Flexion at knee; extension and medial rotation at hip

Sartorius

Flexion at knee; flexion and lateral rotation at hip

Rectus femoris

Extension at knee; flexion at hip

Vasts lateralis

Extension at knee

Vasts medialis

Extension at knee

Tibialis anterior

Flexion (dorsiflexion) at ankle; inversion of foot

Gastrocnemius

Extension (plantar flexion) at ankle; inversion of foot: flexion at knee

Fibularis longus

Eversion of foot and extension (plantar flexion) at ankle; supports longitudinal arch

Plantaris

Extension (plantar flexion) at ankle; flexion at knee

Soleus

Extension (plantar flexion) at ankle

Abdominal

abdomen

Anterior

front

Ancon

elbow

External

on the outside

Biceps

two heads

Abductor

movement away

Auricular

ear

Extrinsic

outside the structure

Triceps

three heads

Adductor

movement toward

Brachial

arm

Inferior

below

Quadriceps

four heads

Depressor

lowering movement

Capitis

head

Internal

away from the surface

Extensor

straightening movement

Carpi

wrist

Intrinsic

within the structure

Flexor

bending movement

Cervicis

neck

Lateral

on the side

Deltoid

triangle

Levator

raising movement

Coccygeal

coccyx

Medial

middle

Orbicularis

circle

Pronator

turning into prone position

Costal

rib

Oblique

slanting

Pectinate

comblike

Supinator

turning into supine position

Cutaneous

skin

Posterior

back

Piriformis

pear-shaped

Tensor

tensing movement

Femoris

thigh

Profundus

deep

Platysma

flat plate

Glossal

tongue

Rectus

straight

Pyramidal

pyramid

Hallux

great toe

Superficial

toward the surface

Rhomboid

parallelogram

Buccinator

trumpeter

Ilium

groin

Superior

toward the head