Development and Uneven Development

These flashcards summarize key concepts related to development and uneven development, including definitions, theories, and measurement tools.

Development

A process that can be defined in many ways, often related to economic growth, modernization, or expansion of freedoms.

Economic Growth

A long-term rise in a country’s capacity to supply increasingly diverse economic goods to its population.

Dependency Theory

The idea that underdevelopment is a product of development itself, rather than its absence.

Human Development

A process of expanding the real freedoms that people enjoy; emphasized by Amartya Sen.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total monetary value of all finished goods and services produced within a country in a specific time period.

Gross National Income (GNI)

Total income earned by a country's residents including income from abroad.

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

A measure that compares the standard of living by assessing prices and costs of a specified market basket.

Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI)

An alternative to GDP that considers various social and economic factors, including income distribution and costs of crime.

GINI Index

A measure of income inequality, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality).

Human Development Index (HDI)

A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic aspects of human development: health, education, and standard of living.

Subnational Human Development Index (SHDI)

Measures human development at regional or subnational levels instead of national levels.

Gender Inequality Index (GII)

An index composed of measures of reproductive health, empowerment, and labor market participation.

Adolescent Fertility Rate

The number of births per 1,000 women ages 15 to 19, used as an indicator of reproductive health.

Female Labor Force Participation Rate

The percentage of women holding full-time jobs outside the home.

International Trade Model

A model that emphasizes utilizing comparative advantages and focusing on international competition for development.

Self-Sufficiency Model

A model requiring high import barriers and protection of domestic industries from foreign competition.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)

Investment made by a company or individual in one country in business interests in another country.

Structural Adjustment Programs

Economic policies imposed by international financial institutions to promote economic reform, often involving austerity measures.

Great Divergence

The historical phenomenon where Western Europe and Japan experienced rapid economic growth compared to other regions.

Modernization Theory

The theory that all countries proceed through a linear path towards modernization.