HLTH Ch 14 Male Reproductive Systems & STIs

penis

male sex organ for copulation

penile

pertaining to the penis

scrotum

a retractable sac containing the testes; retractility and scrotal extension is required because spermatogenesis requires a lower temperature than core body temperature

testicles, testes

the pair of male gonads that produce reproductive cells (spermatozoa) and male hormones

glans penis

the rounded tip at the distal end of the penis

penis shaft

the external aspect of the penis, extending from the surface of the pelvic region to the base of the glans

prepuce, foreskin

a fold of skin that covers the glans penis (or the female clitoris)

ductus deferens

a muscular tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct

epididymis

the coiled tubule on the posterior of the testes; stores sperm for maturation

prostate gland

an accessory gland that secretes an alkaline fluid to neutralize the pH of the urethra and vagina to keep the sperm viable; surrounds the urethra below the base of the bladder

ejaculation

the expulsion of semen from the penis

sexual intercourse

the insertion of the penis into the vagina

• aka: coitus

• aka: copulation

genitals, genitalia

the internal and external organs that are involved in reproduction

gonads

a reproductive organ/gland that produces gametes and sex hormones (testes, ovaries)

perineum

the anatomical region between the inferior external genitalia (male
scrotum, female vaginal opening) and the anus

pubic, genital region

the anatomical region of the external genitals

semen

a mixture of sperm cells and secretions from the accessory reproductive glands (prostate, seminal vesicles, and bulbourethral glands)

androgens

a general term used to identify all male sex hormones

testosterone

the primary male androgen

anorchism

the congenital absence of one or both testes

cryptorchidism

failure of one or both testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum

hypogonadism

the insufficient or absence production of hormones by the gonads

orchitis

infection of one or both testicles

epididimytis

inflammation and/or infection of the epididymis

balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce

hypospadias

a congenital condition in which the urethral meatus is located along the ventral (underside) penis shaft instead of the glans penis

impotence, erectile dysfunction

inability to achieve an erection or maintain an erection during sexual
intercourse

phimosis

a narrowing of the prepuce so that it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

priapism

a persistent and painful erection of the penis

azoospermia

the absence of sperm cells in semen

oligospermia

deficient/low sperm count in the semen

sterility

the permanent inability to impregnate a fertile female

testicular torsion

a testicle rotates, twisting the spermatic cord, which reduces or cuts off blood flow; a medical emergency due to the risk of losing a testicle

benign prostatic hyperplasia

a noncancerous enlargement of the
prostate gland, commonly seen in males
over age 50; BPH

prostate atrophy

a reduction in the size and function of the prostate

digital rectal exam

assessment of the size and texture of the prostate gland by inserting fingers into the anus to palpate the prostate gland through the rectal wall

testicular biopsy

removal of a small piece of tissue to diagnose the cause of male infertility, sperm production issues, testicular lesions, inflammation, or cancer

condom

a sheath or cover for the penis to prevent conception and infection

circumcision

surgical removal of the prepuce

orchidopexy

surgical fixation (reattach in the correct position) to place an undescended testis into the scrotum; used to treat cryptorchidism

penoplasty

surgical repair of the penis; this procedure is most commonly done for penile enhancements

transurethral resection of the prostate

A surgical treatment for benign prostatic hypertrophy; a resectoscope is inserted through the urethra to remove portions of an enlarged prostate; TURP

vasectomy

surgical excision (to cut out) of a segment of the ductus deferens to
inhibit release of sperm

vasovasostomy

a surgical reversal of a vasectomy

antiretroviral

agents used to treat and prevent infections caused by retroviruses, most notably HIV

spermicide

an agent that destroys sperm

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

AIDS is the late stage of an HIV infection; It occurs when the body’s immune system is badly damaged due to HIV

candidiasis

• a yeast infection that affects mostly women, but can affect men

• itching and/or soreness and redness in the vaginal area, white, clumpy vaginal discharge that looks like cottage cheese

chlamydia

• one of the most common bacterial
  sexually transmitted disease

• known as the “silent epidemic” because it can be asymptomatic, especially in women

genital herpes

• herpes is caused by a virus

• commonly associated with genital herpes and manifests a patch
  of vesicles in the genital or anal area

• treatable, but not curable

gonrrhea

• a bacterial infection

• “clap”, “drip”

• is most associated with a yellowish-green penile

• yellowish-green or vaginal discharge

hepatitis

• B (HBV) is the most common form spread from sexual intercourse

• viral infections

• liver inflammation, which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, alcohol abuse, toxins, medications, or immune conditions

human immunodeficiency virus

• a virus that attacks the immune
  system by attacking cells that help the
  body fight infection, making a person
  more vulnerable to infections/diseases

• No cure; however, effectively treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART)

• HIV

human papillomavirus

• viral infection

• strains that can cause warts, but most concerning are the strains that lead to cervical cancer, cancer of the penis

• HPV

trichomoniasis

• a parasitic infection

• commonly causes a “fishy” smelling discharge