Chemistry Key Concepts: Thermochemistry, Equilibrium, and Acids-Bases

1000 j

1 kJ.

Thermoquilibrium

Energy and temperature is the same on both sides.

System

What we are focused on (chem -reaction).

Surroundings

Everything besides the reaction (me).

Universe

System and surroundings.

Open system

Heat and matter can be exchanged.

Closed system

Heat can be changed.

Acids

Produce hydrogen ion.

Condensation

Gas to a liquid.

Deposition

Gas to solid.

1000 cal

1 Cal = 1 Kcal.

conjugates

• Conjugate acid: new acid that's formed (formed when H+ is donated to base)

• Conjugate base: new base that's formed (everything that remains from the acid

molecule after H+ is released)

• Conjugate acid-base pair: consists of two substances related to each other by the

donating and accepting of a single proton

Thermochemistry

The study of heat changes that occur during chemical reactions and physical change in state.

Isolated system

No heat or matter exchanged.

Endothermic reaction

Heat enters system.

Exothermic reaction

Heat exits system.

Bronsted Lowry

Acid is a proton donor, base is a proton acceptor.

Bases

Produce hydroxide ion.

Sublimation

solid to gas.

Freezing

Liquid to solid.

Melting

Solid to liquid.

4.184 j

1 cal.

acids, bases, nuetrals

In a neutral solution, [H+] = [OH-]

• In an acidic solution, [H+] > [OH-]

• In a basic solution, [H+] < [OH

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