Vocab for Listening Comprehension S1 12th

Analogy

noun

Analogy(def)

a comparison between two things to explain or clarify an idea

Evaluate

verb

Evaluate(def)

to judge or assess the quality, importance, or value of something

Ancient

adjective

Ancient(def)

belonging to a very early period in history; very old

Text

noun

Text(def)

a written or printed work, espc one studied or analyzed

Contradict

verb

Contradict(def)

to say or show the opposite of what someone else had said or claimed

Tradition

noun

Tradition(def)

a belief, custom or a way of doing something passed down over generation

Orderly

adjective

Orderly (def)

Arranged or organized in a neat, structural way

Majestic

Adjective

Majestic (def)

Impressively grand, beautiful, or powerful in appearance or manner

Editor

Noun

Editor(def)

A person who selects, prepares or revises written material for publication

Theology

noun

Theology(def)

The study of the nature of God and religious belief

Sacrifice

noun/verb

Sacrifice(def)

An offering made to a god; or the act of giving up something valuable

Chronological

Adjective

Chronological(def)

Arranged in the order in which events occurred over time

Pacing

Noun

Pacing(def)

The speed or rhythm at which something unfolds or is presented

Covenant

Noun

Covenant(def)

A formal, solemn agreement or promise, esp one made with go

Geopolitics

Noun

Geopolitics(def)

The influence of geography and politics on international relations and events

Archaeology

Noun

Archaeology(def)

The scientific study of human history through the excavation of sites and analysis of remains

Decay

verb/noun

Decay(def)

To rot or break down over time; the process of gradual deterioration

Exodus

Noun

Exodus(def)

A mass departure of people from a place; also the second book of the Bible

Monument

Noun

Monument(def)

A structure built to commemorate a person or event

Authenticated

Verb

Authenticated(def)

Proved to be genuine, real or true

Transformation

Noun

Transformation (def)

A dramatic or complete change in form, appearance or character

Concrete

adjective

Concrete (def)

Specific, real and clearly defined- not vague or abstract

Tel Dan Stele

Proper noun

Tel Dan Stele (def)

A stone inscription discovered in northern Israel that contains the earliest known reference outside the Bible to the ‘House of David’

Stele

Noun

Stele(def)

An upright stone slab or pillar with an inscription, used as a monument in ancient times

Fragile

Adjective

Fragile(def)

Easily broken, damaged, or destroyed; not strong or stable

Verified

adjective/ verb

Verified (def)

Confirmed or proven to be true through evidence or investigation

Dietrich Bonhoeffer

Proper noun

Dietrich Bonhoeffer(def)

A german Lutheran pastor and theologian who opposed the nazi regime and was executed for participating in a plot against Hitler

Theologian

noun

Thelogian(def)

An expert in the study of God and religious belief

Discipleship

Noun

Discipleship (def)

The practice of following and learning from a teacher or leader, esp in religious contexts

Secular

adjective

Secular (def)

Not connected with religion or spiritual matters; relating to the ordinary, non-religious world

Radical

Adjective

Radical (def)

Representing a major or extreme departure from what is traditional; thoroughgoing

Premise

Noun

Premise (def)

A statement or idea that forms the basis of an argument

Deity

Noun

Deity (def)

A god or goddess; a divine being

Identity crisis

Noun phrase

Identity crisis(def)

A period of uncertainty and confusion in which one’s self or purpose becomes unclear

Grace

noun

Grace (def)

In Christianity, the free and unmerited favor of God toward humanity; also, general elegance or goodwill

Costly grace

Noun phrase

Costly grace (def)

Bonhoeffer’s term for true grace that demands total commitment and transformation from the believer

Cheap grace

Noun phrase

Cheap grace (def)

Bonhoeffer’s term for a shallow form of forgiveness or faith that demands nothing from the believer

Salvation

Noun

Salvation (def)

In religious contexts, deliverance from sin and its consequences, being saved

Surrender

noun/verb

Surrender (def)

To give up control completely; to yield oneself entirely to something or someone

Ritual

Noun

Ritual (def)

A set of actions performed in a fixed order, often for religious or ceremonial purposes

Sanctuary

Noun

Sanctuary(def)

A holy or sacred place, esp the main area of a church; also a place of safety

Institutional

Adjective

Institutional (def)

Relating to a large, established organization such as a church, government or school

Provocative

Adjective

Provocative (def)

Causing strong reactions, debate, or thought; deliberately challenging

Visceral

Adjective

Visceral (def)

relating to deep, instinctive feelings rather than logic; raw and immediate

Monastery

noun

Monastery (def)

a community of monks

Cloistered

adjective

Cloistered (def)

Enclosed within a religious community, away from the outside world

Spirituality

Noun

Spirituality (def)

a sense of connection to something greater than oneself;the quality of being concerned with the human spirit

Monetize

Verb

Monetize (def)

To convert something into a source of income; to make money from something

Obligation

Noun

Obligation

Noun

Obligation(def)

A duty or responsibility one is required to fulfill