Philosophical Theories from Locke to Sartre

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key philosophical concepts discussed in the lecture notes, including ideas from Locke, Berkeley, Hume, Kant, and Sartre.

Innate Ideas

Ideas that exist independently of experience, which Locke argues against.

Empiricism

The view that all ideas come from experience.

Primary Qualities

Qualities that exist in objects independently of perception, such as shape and motion.

Secondary Qualities

Qualities that depend on perception, like color and sound.

Idealism

The view that reality depends on the mind, not matter, as proposed by Berkeley.

Impressions

Vivid, lively perceptions that are the basis of all ideas according to Hume.

Relations of Ideas

Logical/mathematical truths known with certainty; examples include math and geometry.

Matters of Fact

Claims about the real world that are uncertain because their opposites are always possible.

Problem of Induction

The issue that there is no rational justification for assuming the future will resemble the past.

Phenomenal World

The world as we experience it, shaped by our mental structures.

Existentialism

The view that existence precedes essence, meaning humans define themselves through actions.

Anguish

Awareness of total responsibility for one's choices in the existential framework.

Forlornness

The feeling of being alone without guidance, lacking fixed rules or a higher authority.

Despair

Focusing only on what is within our control and the inability to realize change beyond that.

Transcendental Self

The structure that unifies experience, according to Kant.