Nervous System Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts related to the nervous system as outlined in the lecture notes.

Neuron

A nerve cell that transmits nerve impulses.

Neuroglia

Supporting cells in the nervous system that aid and protect neurons.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Composed of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Composed of peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.

Dendrites

Branch-like structures of a neuron that receive signals.

Axon

Long, slender projection of a neuron that conducts electrical impulses away from the cell body.

Myelin

A fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerve fibers, speeding up impulse transmission.

Resting Potential

The difference in electrical charge between the inside and outside of a cell membrane at rest.

Saltatory Conduction

The process by which nerve impulses jump from one node of Ranvier to the next in myelinated fibers.

Synapse

The junction between two neurons where nerve impulses are transmitted.

Neurotransmitters

Chemical messengers used for communication between neurons.

Reflex Arc

A neural pathway that controls a reflex action, including a sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector.

Meninges

The protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord.

Thalamus

Part of the diencephalon that sorts sensory information.

Hypothalamus

Regulates homeostasis and links the nervous system to the endocrine system.

Cerebrum

Largest part of the brain responsible for higher mental functions.

Cerebellum

Coordinates muscular activity and maintains posture.

Autonomic Nervous System

Controls involuntary bodily functions and is divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

Sympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for stress or emergency.

Parasympathetic Division

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates under normal, restorative conditions.