Infectious disease unit 3 quiz

Domain

highest level of organizing life (3 domains: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya)

Eukarya

organisms with cells that have nuclei (protists, fungi, algae, plants)

Archaea

• extremophiles; live in extreme environments, not known to cause disease

Flagella

tail-like structures used for movement

pili

longer hair like structures used for DNA transfer (conjunction)

fimbriae

short hair lile structures used for attachment to surfaces

capsule

protective outer layer that helps bacteria avoid immune system

cell wall

rigid outer layer (contains peptidoglycan) for shape and protection

cell membrane

controls what enters and leaves the cell

cytoplasm (cytosol)

jelly like fluid where reactions happen

ribosome

makes proteins

DNA chromosome

large circular DNA with thousands of genes

plasmid

small circular DNA with few genes (often helpful traits)

F factor

plasmid that allows bacteria to transfer DNA to another cell

toxin

harmful substance produced by bacteria

antibiotic

substance that kills or inhibits bacteriaa

antibiotic response

bacteria are not affected by antibiotics

antibiotic resistant genes

genes that allow bacteria to survive antibiotics

antibiotic sensitivity

bacteria are easily killed by antibiotics

antibiotic sensitivity test (kirby-bauer method)

test to see which antibiotics work the best

lag fase

bacteria adjust, little to no growth

decline (death) phase

bacteria die off faster than they reproduce

convalescence

recovery stage after illness

taxonomy

grouping and naming organisms

binomial nomenclature

two name system (genus species)

Genus

first part of the name (upper case)

species

second part of the name (lower case)

phenotype

physical/observable traits (shape, color, growth)

analytics (biochem)

chemical tests to identify bacteria

genotype

genetic makeup (DNA/RNA)

diagnosis

determining the cause of disease

gram stain

test that differentiates bacteria by cell wall

gram positive (purple)

think peptidoglycan layer

gram negative (pink)

thin peptidoglycan layer

coccus (cocci)

round

vibrio

comma-shapped with flagella

bacillus

rod-shaped

spirillum

spiral-shaped

spirochete

long, flexible spiral

microscope

used to see organisms not visible to the naked eye

compound light microscope

uses light and lenses to magnify soecimens

specimens

samples being observed

micrograph

image taken through a microscope

objective

lens that magnifies specimen

stage

platform holding slide

arm

supports microscope

focus knob

sharpens image

motility test

determines of bacteria can move

strain (variant)

different version of the same species

biotyping

identifying bacteria based on biochemical traits

metabolism

all chemical reactions in a cell

serotyping

identifying bacteria using antigens

sequencing

determining DNA order (A,T,C,G)

PCR (polymerase chain reaction

copies specific DNA segments

indirect antibody test

detects antibodies in blood

rapid antigen test

detects pathogen proteins quickly

Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

infection spread through sexual contact