Mutualism

What is mutualism?

A relationship that occurs between members of different species where both benefit.

Root Nodules in Fabaceae

Large plant family including species like clover, peas, beans

What has fabaceae formed a mutualistic relationship with?

Rhizobium bacteria

What does rhizobium bacteria receive?

Protection and sugars made by the plant through photosynthesis

Why are Rhizobium bacteria inside the nodules?

Oxygen concentration is low

What role do Rhizobium bacteria play in the Fabaceae family?

Absorbs nitrogen converting it into nitrates for the plant to use to produce proteins

—> prevents plants from nitrogen deficiency

Mycorrhizae in Orchidaceae

The roots in most plants form an association with fungi called mycorrhizae in the soil

What does the fungus absorb?

Nitrogen, phosphorus, fixed carbon and water from the soil to supply to the plants

What don’t orchid seeds contain?

Food reserves and are in need of these nutrients

What does the orchid supply the fungus with?

Carbon compounds from photosynthesis

Zooxanthellae in Hard Corals

What do hard corals provide for zooxanthellae?

A safe and protected environment close to the surface of the sea for algae.

What nutrients do zooxanthellae provide to hard corals?

Glucose, amino acids, and oxygen from photosynthesis.

How do hard corals contribute to the life of zooxanthellae?

By providing carbon dioxide for their photosynthesis through cellular respiration.