Alkene and Alkyne Reactions Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering alkene and alkyne reaction mechanisms, ingredients, regioselectivity, and stereochemistry based on the lecture transcript.

Addition of Hydrogen Halide ($HX$) to Alkenes

A reaction where $HX$ ($X = Cl, Br, I$, etc.) is added to an alkene; it follows Markovnikov's rule, involves a carbocation intermediate, and shows stereoselectivity.

Catalytic Hydrogenation

The addition of $H_2$ to an alkene using catalysts such as $Pt$ or $Pd/C$; it does not involve a carbocation and is stereoselective.

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkenes

The addition of $H_2O$ across an alkene using an acid catalyst ($H_2SO_4$); it follows Markovnikov's rule, involves a carbocation, and is stereoselective.

Poisoned Catalysts

Catalytic systems such as $H_2$ with $Pt, Pd/C$ or Lindlar's catalyst with pyridine used for the reduction of alkynes to alkenes.

Halogenation of Alkenes

The addition of $X-X$ ($X_2$) to an alkene in a solvent like $DCM$; the transcript notes it follows Markovnikov's rule, involves a cation intermediate, and is stereoselective.

Halohydrin Formation

The reaction of an alkene with $X_2$ in the presence of $H_2O$; it follows Markovnikov's rule, involves a cation intermediate, and is stereoselective.

Halo Ether Formation

The reaction of an alkene with $X_2$ and an alcohol ($ROH$); it follows Markovnikov's rule, involves a cation intermediate, and is stereoselective.

Oxymercuration-Reduction of Alkenes

A two-step process using 1. $Hg(OAc)_2, H_2O$ and 2. $NaBH_4, NaOH$ to add water across an alkene following Markovnikov's rule without carbocation rearrangements.

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes

A two-step process using 1. $BH_3, THF$ and 2. $H_2O_2, OH^-$; it results in the anti-Markovnikov addition of water and is stereoselective.

Reductive Ozonolysis

The cleavage of an alkene using 1. $O_3$ followed by the reducing agent 2. $(CH_3)_2S$ ($Me_2S$).

Oxidative Ozonolysis

The cleavage of an alkene using 1. $O_3$ followed by the oxidizing agent 2. $H_2O_2$.

Acid-Catalyzed Hydration of Alkynes

The addition of water to an alkyne using $H^+$ and a mercury catalyst ($Hg^{2+}$); it follows Markovnikov's rule and involves a cation intermediate.

Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkynes

A two-step process using 1. $BH_3, THF$ and 2. $H_2O_2$ to hydrate an alkyne with anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity.