Pediatric Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering pediatric fluid maintenance, electrolyte imbalances, and rehydration protocols.

Infant/Child Fluid Imbalance Risk Factors

Greater percentage of body water in ECF, higher basal metabolism rate, and immature kidneys.

Maintenance Fluid Requirements ($1-10\,\text{kg}$)

$100\,\text{ml/kg}$ per day.

Maintenance Fluid Requirements ($11-20\,\text{kg}$)

$1000\,\text{ml} + 50\,\text{ml/kg}$ for each kg above $10\,\text{kg}$.

Maintenance Fluid Requirements ($>20\,\text{kg}$)

$1500\,\text{ml} + 20\,\text{ml/kg}$ for each kg above $20\,\text{kg}$.

Conditions Increasing Fluid Requirements

Fever, vomiting, diarrhea, DKA, burns, shock, and radiant warmer use.

Conditions Decreasing Fluid Requirements

Heart failure, post-surgery, oliguric renal failure, and increased ICP.

Hyponatremia (Symptoms)

Dehydration, abdominal cramping, weak pulse, and decreased blood pressure.

Hypernatremia (Symptoms)

Thirsty, dry mucous membranes, oliguria, muscle twitching, and disorientation.

Hyperkalemia (Symptoms)

Muscle weakness, flaccid paralysis, twitching, hyperreflexia, and bradycardia.

Oral Rehydration Therapy ($50\,\text{ml/kg}$)

The amount of oral rehydration solution given to children for mild to moderate dehydration.

Oral Rehydration Therapy (Severe Dehydration rates)

$30\,\text{ml/h}$ for infants, $60\,\text{ml/h}$ for toddlers, and $90\,\text{ml/h}$ for older children.

Fluid Replacement for Loose Stool/Vomiting

Add $10\,\text{ml/kg}$ of fluid for every episode.

What is best for parenteral fluid therapy

Isotonic Fluids to prevent severe hyponatremia following administration.

IV Fluid Bolus Volume

$20\,\text{ml/kg}$ based on child weight.

Successful Rehydration Indicators

Moist mucous membranes, voiding $>1\,\text{ml/kg/h}$, capillary refill of $2\,\text{seconds}$ or less, and brisk skin turgor.