Endocrine System: Hormones, Sources, and Actions

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering the hormones, sources, and physiological actions described in the lecture notes.

GnRH-gonadotropin RH

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release LH and FSH.

Hypothalamus (9)

1. GROWTH RH

2. GROWTH IH

3. PROLACTIN RH

4. PROLACTIN IH

5. GONADOTROPIN RH

6. CORTICOTROPIN RH

7. THYROTROPIN RH

8. OXYTOCIN

9. ANTIDEURETIC (ADH)

Hypothalamus

Link between nervous and endocrine and nervous system.

Hypothalamus communicates with what gland

Pituitary to secrete RH and IH

Hypothalamus is ____ to the pituitary and ____ to the thalamus

1. Superior

2. Inferior

GHRH-growth hormone RH

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release GH.

GHIH-growth hormone IH (somatostatin)

Hormone from the hypothalamus and pancreas that inhibits the release of GH from the anterior pituitary and the secretion of insulin and glucagon.

TRH-thyrotropin RH

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release thyrotropin (TSH).

PRH-prolactin RH

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release prolactin.

PIH-prolactin IH (dopamine)

Hypothalamic hormone that inhibits the release of prolactin from the anterior pituitary.

CRH-corticotropin RH

Hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH.

Oxytocin

Produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; targets the uterus for contractions and mammary glands for milk secretion.

ADH-antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

Produced in the hypothalamus and released by the posterior pituitary; targets kidneys and blood vessels to increase water retention.

ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND (6)

• acth

• Fsh

• Lh

• Tsh

• Prolactin

• Growth

Pituitary gland

Master gland

TSH-thyroid stimulating hormone (thyrotropin)

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets the thyroid to stimulate the secretion of thyroid hormones.

ACTH-adrenocorticotropic hormone

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets the adrenal cortex to stimulate the release of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.

GH-growth hormone

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets muscle and bone to stimulate growth.

FSH-follicle stimulating hormone

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets the gonads to stimulate the maturation of sperm cells and ovarian follicles.

LH-luteinizing hormone

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets the gonads to stimulate sex hormone production and surge to stimulate ovulation in females.

PRL-prolactin

Anterior pituitary hormone that targets the mammary glands to stimulate the production of milk.

Posterior pituitary gland (2)

1. Oxytocin

2. Vasopressin

Oxytocin

Posterior pituitary gland hormone that is produced in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary gland.

• targets uterus and stimulates contractions

• Targets mammary glands to create milk

Vasopressin

Posterior pituitary gland hormone Produced in hypothalamus and stored in pituitary

• targets kidneys and blood vessels to increase h2o retention

Pineal gland (1)

Melatonin

Melatonin

Pineal gland hormone that targets the brain to regulate daily rhythm (wake and sleep).

Thyroid gland (3)

1. Thyroxine

2. T3

3. Calcitonin

What are the two lines of the thalamus called

Isthmus

The isthmus is on the ___ of the trachea

Anterior portion

T3-triiodothyronine

Thyroid hormone that targets most cells to stimulate cellular metabolism.

T4-thyroxine

Thyroid hormone that targets most cells to stimulate cellular metabolism.

Calcitonin

Thyroid hormone that targets bone and kidneys to lower blood calcium.

Parathyroid (1)

Pth

Parathyroid is embedded in the ____ of the thyroid

Posterior

How many glands in the parathyroid gland

4

PTH-Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid gland hormone that targets bone and kidneys to raise blood calcium.

Thymus (1)

Thymosine

Where is thymus located

Between sternum and heart inside mediastinum

What happens to thymus gland after puberty

Decreases

Thymosin

Thymus gland hormone that targets lymphatic tissues to stimulate the production of T-cells.

Pancreas (3)

Insulin

Glugagon

GHIH

The pancreas is ____ to the stomach

Posterior

Insulin

Pancreatic hormone that targets the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue to decrease blood glucose.

Glucagon

Pancreatic hormone that targets the liver to increase blood glucose.

GHIH

pancreatic hormone. Inhibits the secretion of insulin and glucagon

Adrenal medulla (2)

1. Epinephrine

2. Norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla is ____ to the kidneys

Superior

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Adrenal medulla hormones that target the heart, blood vessels, liver, and lungs to increase heart rate and blood sugar (fight or flight response).

Adrenal cortex (3)

1. Mineralcortcoids (aldosterone from zona g)

2. Glucocorticoids (cortisol from zona f)

3. Sex (dhea from zona r)

What is the outer portion of adrenal gland

Adrenal cortex

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

Adrenal cortex hormones that target the kidneys to increase the retention of $Na^+$ and excretion of $K^+$.

Glucocorticoids

Adrenal cortex hormones released in response to long-term stressors that target most tissues to increase blood glucose.

Androgens

Adrenal cortex hormones that target most tissues to stimulate the development of secondary sex characteristics.

gi tract (3)

1. Cck

2. Secretin

3. Gastrin

Gastrin

GI tract hormone that targets the stomach to stimulate the release of HCl.

Secretin

GI tract hormone that targets the pancreas and liver to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes and bile.

CCK-cholecystokinin

GI tract hormone that targets the pancreas and liver to stimulate the release of digestive enzymes and bile.

Kidneys (2)

1. Erythropoietin

2. Calcitrol

Kidneys are located in the ___ region on each side of Saggital plane

Lumbar

Erythropoietin

Kidney hormone that targets the bone marrow to stimulate the production of red blood cells.

Calcitriol

Kidney hormone that targets the intestines to increase the reabsorption of $Ca^{2+}$.

Heart (1)

Atrial neurotic peptide

Heart is located on the ___ of the ___ of the body between the ____

1. Left

2. Midline

3. Lungs

ANP-atrial natriuretic peptide

Heart hormone that targets the kidneys and adrenal cortex to reduce reabsorption of $Na^+$ and lower blood pressure.

Adipose tissue (1)

Leptin

Leptin

Adipose tissue hormone that targets the brain to suppress appetite.

Ovaries (3)

1. Estro

2. Progesto

3. Inhibin

Estrogen

Ovarian hormone that targets the uterus, ovaries, mammary glands, and brain to stimulate uterine lining growth and facilitate secondary sex characteristics.

Progesterone

Ovarian hormone that targets the uterus and mammary glands; required for the maintenance of pregnancy and regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Inhibin

Hormone produced by ovaries and testes that targets the anterior pituitary to inhibit the release of FSH.

Placenta (4)

1. Estro

2. Progesto

3. Inhibin

4. Human chorion gonadotropin

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Placental hormone that targets the ovaries to stimulate the production of estrogen and progesterone.

Testosterone

Testicular hormone that targets the testes and other tissues to promote spermatogenesis and secondary sex characteristics.

Testes (2)

Testosterone and inhibin