Grade 12 Civic Education Lecture Notes: Zambia

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering the Zambia Bill of Rights, Family Law, Development Planning, Poverty, Environmental Education, and Global Issues based on the Grade 12 Learner's Book.

Bill of Rights

A list of fundamental rights and freedoms covered in Part III of the Constitution of Zambia, which is the Supreme Law of the Land.

National Referendum

The process required to amend the Bill of Rights, necessitating that not less than two thirds or $50\,\%$ of eligible voters vote in favor of the amendment.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

An international instrument whose provisions are reflected in the Zambian Bill of Rights to protect the rights and freedoms of individuals.

Locus Standi

Under Article 28 of the Constitution, this refers to the requirement that only a person whose rights have been violated can apply to the High Court for redress.

Derogation

The suspension or limitation of certain fundamental rights during times of war or public emergency, specifically pertaining to Articles 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and 24.

Ombudsman

Also known as the Investigator General, this official is the Chairperson of the Commission for Investigations and handles complaints about human rights violations and corruption in the Civil Service.

Nuclear Family

A family group consisting of a man, his wife (or wives in customary marriages), and their children.

Extended Family

A family structure that includes the nuclear family as well as grandparents, uncles, aunties, nieces, nephews, cousins, in-laws, and grandchildren.

Bigamy

The crime of marrying another person while still legally married to someone else.

Consanguinity

The legal term used to describe relationships by blood that fall under prohibited degrees of marriage.

Affinity

The legal term used to describe relationships created by marriage that are prohibited degrees for entering into a new marital union.

Decree Absolute

A permanent divorce certificate granted by the court after the expiration of a six-week period following a decree nisi.

Affiliation

A legal provision under the Affiliation and Maintenance Provisions Act that allows children born out of wedlock to be recognized by their male parent to claim maintenance.

Testate Succession

The inheritance process that occurs when a deceased person has left a valid written declaration known as a Will.

Intestate Succession

The distribution of property according to the Intestate Succession Act of 1989 when a person dies without leaving a valid Will.

Development Planning

The deliberate effort by the state to achieve certain goals, such as raising living standards and eliminating disparities between urban and rural areas.

Fiscal Discipline

The strict control of public resources by the government to ensure compliance in taxation and limit public expenditure to essential areas.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

The total output of an economy consisting of all accounted goods and services produced within a country in the course of a year.

Human Development Index (HDI)

A measure of development based on four items: life expectancy at birth, adult literacy, average years of schooling, and purchasing power of persons aged $25$ and above.

Absolute Poverty

A condition of life characterized by malnutrition, illiteracy, and disease that is beneath any reasonable definition of human decency.

Environmental Degradation

Any action or process, such as pollution or resource depletion, that makes the environment less fit for human, plant, or animal life.

Biodegradable

A material that decomposes in the environment as a result of biological action from sunlight, air, water, or soil.

Biodiversity

A term describing the large variety and variability of living organisms and the ecological environments in which they occur.

Bilateral Aid

Foreign assistance provided directly from one country to another, such as AID from SIDA or USAID.

Multilateral Aid

Assistance provided by international agencies formed by several countries, such as the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Terms of Trade

The rate at which a nation's exports are exchanged for imports from another nation on the international market.

Debt Servicing

The process of paying interest on outstanding international loans.

HIPC Initiative

The Heavily Indebted Poor Countries initiative, a program introduced by creditors in $1996$ to reduce the debt burden of poor countries to sustainable levels.

Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs)

Economic and monetary reforms required by the IMF and World Bank for countries to qualify for debt relief, often including privatization and fiscal discipline.