pH Scale and Chemical Properties Flashcards

Vocabulary and categorization flashcards based on litmus paper indicators, neutralization reactions, and the pH scale examples provided in the transcript.

Acidic Substances (Litmus Test)

Types of substances that turn litmus paper red, including examples like battery acid, lemon juice, or vinegar.

Basic Substances (Litmus Test)

Types of substances that turn litmus paper blue, including examples like baking soda, ammonia, and soapy water.

Vinegar and Bleach Reaction

The chemical interaction that occurs when vinegar (an acid) is slowly added to bleach (a base), resulting in a neutralizing reaction.

Neutralizing Reaction

A reaction that occurs between an acid and a base; item $14$ asks what forms when this process takes place.

Strongly Acidic

A classification for solutions at the extreme low end of the $pH$ scale, such as battery acid or strong hydrofluoric acid ($pH\,0$) and hydrochloric acid ($pH\,1$).

Weakly Acid

A classification for solutions with moderate to low acidity, ranging from tomato juice and acid rain ($pH\,4$) to soft drinking water and black coffee ($pH\,5$), and urine or saliva ($pH\,6$).

Neutral

The classification for a substance with a $pH$ of $7$, specifically "Pure" water.

Weakly Basic

A classification for solutions with low alkalinity, including sea water ($pH\,8$), baking soda ($pH\,9$), and milk of magnesia or findings from the Great Salt Lake ($pH\,10$).

Strongly Basic

A classification for solutions at the extreme high end of the $pH$ scale, such as bleach and oven cleaner ($pH\,13$) or liquid drain cleaner ($pH\,14$).

Hydrochloric Acid

An acidic substance secreted by the stomach lining with a $pH$ level of $1$.

pH 2 Examples

Lemon juice, gastric acid, and vinegar.

pH 3 Examples

Grapefruit juice, orange juice, and soda.

Baking Soda

A common basic chemical with a $pH$ level of $9$.

Ammonia Solution

A basic chemical with a $pH$ level of $11$.

Soapy Water

A basic solution with a $pH$ level of $12$.