Pathological Conditions and Injuries

Osteoporosis

porous bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density

Osteomalacia

Disease where the bones become abnormally soft due to deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in blood

rickets

disease in children where bones are abnormally soft

Osteomyelitis

infection of bone and bone marrow from bacterial infection spread to bone tissue through blood

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant (cancerous) tumor arising from bone

Pathological fracture

occurs when bone (weakened from preexisting disease) breaks from force that wouldn’t usually cause bone to breakh

hairline fracture

minor fracture that appears as very thin and doesn’t extend though entire surface of bone

Incomplete fracture

break where one side of the bone is broken and one side is not

impacted fracture

occurs when direct force causes bone to break, pushing the end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone

muscular dystrophy

genetically transmitted disorder characterized by progressive weakening of skeletal muscles

polymyostitis

chronic disease characterized by muscle weakness of the hips and arms and loss of muscle mass

strain

injury to the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from overstretching, overextension, or misuse

dislocation

displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint

herniated disc

rupture of a disc through the disc wall and into the spinal canal

ankylosing spondylitis

inflammatory arthritis of the spine

osteoarthritis

most common form of arthritis, occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time

Rheumatoid arthritis

chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body

sprain

injury involving the ligaments that surround and support a joint, caused by wrenching or twisting motion

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome)

The most severe stage of HIV when people have badly damaged immune systems

Allergies

chronic condition involving abnormal reaction to an ordinarily harmless substance

Anaphylactic Shock

A rare but severe allergic reaction that can be deadly if not treated right away

Elephantiasis

painful and disfiguring diseases caused by infection with roundworms that are transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitos

Hodgkin’s Disease

type of cancer that affects lymphatic system causing swollen lymph nodes and growths throughout the body

Lymphadenitits

enlargement in one or more lymph nodes that is typically due to infection

tonsilitis

inflammation of two oval-shaped pads of tissue at the back of the throat called tonsils