Grade 12 Science: Atoms and Atomic Structure

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on Grade 12 lecture notes covering the structure of the atom, subatomic particles, and nitrogen properties.

Nitrogen Atomic Number

$$7$$

Nitrogen Atomic Mass

$$14.0067$$

Atom

The smallest unit of ordinary matter that forms a chemical element and is considered the basic building block of matter.

Molecule

A group of atoms clustered together.

Atom size

Typically around $100\,\text{picometers}$ across.

Electron

A negatively charged subatomic particle that exists in spherical shells of various radii representing energy levels.

Proton

A subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom with a positive electrical charge equal and opposite to that of the electron.

Neutron

An extremely dense subatomic particle found in the nucleus of every atom except simple hydrogen that has no electrical charge.

Atomic Nucleus

The center of an atom consisting of neutrons and protons held together by the nuclear strong force.

Quarks

Elementary particles that manifest as protons and neutrons.

Baryons

Stable combinations of hadrons held in association by the nuclear strong force.

Electron Energy Levels

Represented by the radii of spherical shells, where a larger shell indicates higher energy contained in the electron.