Covalent and Ionic Bonds Review

Flashcards covering key concepts about covalent and ionic bonds, properties, influences, and bonding types.

Covalent bond

A bond formed between two non-metals involving the sharing of electron pairs.

Double covalent bond

A bond that involves two pairs of electrons being shared between two atoms.

Triple covalent bond

A bond that involves three pairs of electrons being shared between two atoms.

Duplet rule

The rule stating that elements like Hydrogen acquire 2 electrons to achieve a configuration similar to Helium.

Lone pairs

Pairs of electrons not involved in bonding.

Bond pairs

Pairs of electrons involved in bonding.

Polar covalent bond

A bond formed between two non-metallic atoms that differ in electronegativities.

Intermolecular forces

Forces that occur between molecules.

Intramolecular forces

Forces that occur within a molecule, such as covalent bonds.

Hydrogen bond

The strongest of the intermolecular forces, occurring when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like O, N, or F.

Ionic compound

A compound formed from the electrostatic attraction between cations and anions.

Cation

A positively charged ion, typically a metal.

Anion

A negatively charged ion, typically a non-metal.

Solubility

The mass of a solute that can dissolve in a fixed amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

Chromatography

A technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in their movement through a stationary phase.

Thin layer chromatography (TLC)

A technique similar to paper chromatography, using a glass slide coated with a thin layer of adsorbent.

Dispersion forces

Weak intermolecular forces arising from transient dipoles in molecules.

Electrostatic attraction

The attraction between positively and negatively charged ions or molecules.