Ionic Bonding

What did Mendeleev notice about the properties of elements when arranged by atomic mass?

Properties of elements repeat at regular intervals.

What does the periodic law state?

The properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic masses.

Compared with nonmetals, the number of valence electrons in __________ are generally greater.

Metals

What is the definition of atomic radius?

Half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together.

How do ionization energies change as you move across a period from left to right?

Ionization energies increase.

What happens to ionization energies as you move down a group?

They tend to decrease due to increased electron shielding.

What trend is observed for each successive electron removed from an atom?

The ionization energy increases.

Why do metals typically have lower ionization energies compared to nonmetals?

Allows them to lose electrons more easily.

Which group do fluorine and chlorine belong to?

Halogens.

What is a measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons?

Electronegativity.

As the atomic number increases within a group, what generally happens to electronegativity?

Electronegativity generally decreases.

What are noble gases known as?

Inert.

What is the formula for the compound formed by lead(II) ions and chromate ions?

PbCrO4.

How do alkaline-earth metals compare to alkali metals in terms of reactivity?

They are less reactive.

What is an ionic bond a result of?

The transfer of electrons, not sharing.

In the alkaline-earth group, atoms with the smallest radii have __________ ionization energies.

The highest.