Coronary Artery Disease and Myocardial Ischemia

These flashcards cover key concepts about coronary artery disease, myocardial ischemia, types of angina, diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, and management strategies.

What is the primary function of the coronary system?

The coronary system is responsible for supplying blood to the myocardium.

What can lead to myocardial ischemia?

Myocardial ischemia develops when myocardial metabolic demand exceeds the coronary blood flow.

How does chronic atherosclerosis contribute to myocardial ischemia?

Chronic atherosclerosis narrows the arteries, leading to insufficient blood supply to the myocardial tissue.

What is angina pectoris?

Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by myocardial ischemia, typically recurrent.

What are the two main types of angina?

Stable Angina and Unstable Angina.

What differentiates stable angina from unstable angina?

Stable angina is triggered by exertion and relieved by rest, whereas unstable angina is more unpredictable and can occur at rest.

What symptoms are commonly associated with angina pectoris?

Symptoms include dull pain radiating to the arm or jaw, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting.

What is the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?

AMI involves acute changes in an atherosclerotic plaque leading to thrombus formation and complete occlusion of a coronary artery.

What common signs indicate myocardial infarction?

Signs include prolonged chest pain, rapid weak pulse, profuse sweating, and dyspnea.

What is the significance of ST elevation in an ECG?

ST elevation indicates myocardial necrosis, which is a sign of myocardial infarction.

What is the primary goal of treatment in acute myocardial infarction?

To restore blood flow to the myocardium (reperfusion).

Which drugs are used for pain relief in AMI management?

Morphine is used for pain relief during an acute myocardial infarction.

What are the two main strategies to restore blood flow in AMI?

Clot-busting drugs (fibrinolytics) and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) including angioplasty and stent placement.

What role do beta-blockers play in the management of AMI?

Beta-blockers reduce heart rate and cardiac output, thus decreasing oxygen demand.

What is the function of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) in AMI management?

GTN reduces preload and afterload, decreasing oxygen demand while increasing blood flow to the heart.