3.1 Land-Based Empires Expand - AP World

Land-Based Power

Came from territorial holdings (land, literally)

Location of Gunpowder Empires

South, Southwest and Central Asia

Ivan IV of Russia

Through gunpowder, conquered Golden Horde. He expanded east by Cossacks and conversion

Ottoman Empire

Islamic empire founded in 14th in SW Europe. Power from controlling water called Dardanelles used to expand. And obviously gunpowder

Mehmed II in Constantinople

Sultan of Ottomans. Sent military to siege Constantinople and renamed it

Suleiman I

Sultan of Ottomans, who overran Hungary, Rhode Island, and Tripoli. Ottoman Empire peaked under his rule

Safavid Empire

Established in Middle East 15th under Ismail. Was a Shia-Muslim state under him

Sunni (people) and Shia (descendants) Islam

Happened in Safavid empire. Conflicting beliefs about who was legitimate successor of Muhammad

Shah Abbas

Expanded Safavids’ military greatly. Adopted gunpowder and expanded

Mughal Empire

In Delhi sultanate 16th century. Babur ruled this empire by using gunpowder to extend it

Akbar (ily)

Grandson of Babur, religion tolerant. Masterful administrator and made Mughal most prosperous empire of the 16th

Ming Dynasty

14th century in China, Han people. Extended through gunpowder

Qing Dynasty

Ming fragmented from conflict in and out and Qing was established by Manchus in N China, who were not Han

Emperor Kangxi and Qianlong

Kangxi expanded Qing into Taiwan, Mongolia and Central Asia. Qianlong facilitated tax and annexed Xinijiang

Clash of Safavids and Mughals

Fought in 17th because they wanted to expand into Persian Gulf and because Safavids were Shi’a and Mughals were Sunni

Clash of Songhai and Morocco

Songhai empire had some power over Trans Saharan routes, and Moroccan kingdom expanded and wanted more control that even Songhai had