Preparations of Salts + Molten electrolysis

Reaction of:

Acid + Base

Acid + Base → Salt + Water

Reaction of:

Acid + metal

Acid + metal → Salt + hydrogen

Reaction of:

Acid + carbonate

Acid + carbonate → Salt + water + carbon dioxide

Are chlorides soluble in water and what are the exceptions?

They are soluble except:

lead and silver

Are sulfates soluble in water and what are the exceptions?

They are soluble except:

lead, silver, calcium, barium

Are hydroxides soluble in water and what are the exceptions?

They are not soluble except:

Group 1 metals and ammonium

Are carbonates soluble in water and what are the exceptions?

They are not soluble except:

Group 1 metals and ammonium

What is needed to do the Addition of excess solid method and what is produced?

Insoluble salt + acid → soluble salt + water

For the insoluble solid which type should you use?

Oxides or carbonates

What is residue and filtrate?

Residue: The part in the paper.

Filtrate: The part in the conical flask

Why do you heat the filtrate after filtering?

To make it saturated

What do you do after the filtrate crystalises?

Pour off excess solution and leave in a warm place? oven

Which elements cannot be used for excess solid method and why?

Sodium, Potassium and Ammonium

What is needed to do the titration method and what is produced?

Why is titration used?

Acid + alkali → Soluble salt + water

To neutralise solutions

For titration what indicator is used and what colour does it change from to?

Phenolphthalein

pink → colourless

For precipitation reactions what is needed to make what and what are you trying to collect?

Soluble salt + Soluble salt → insoluble salt + soluble salt

Insoluble salt

After reacting what do you do in the insoluble salt method?

• Filter solution and collect the residue (in the filter paper)

• Wash the residue with some distilled water

• Leave residue to dry in a warm oven

What is the definition of electrolysis?

Electrolysis is the breaking down of molten or aqueous ionic compounds using electricity.

What are molten or aqueous ionic compounds called?

Electrolytes

What do anodes attract and why?

They attract anions

Because anodes are positive they attract negative anions.

What do cathodes attract and why?

They attract cations

Because cathodes are negative so attract positive cations

For molten electrolysis to work what must happen to the lead 2 bromide

It must melt