Lecture 10: Animal Reproduction

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to animal reproduction as discussed in the lecture.

Asexual reproduction

Creation of offspring without the fusion of egg and sperm.

Sexual reproduction

Creation of an offspring by fusion of haploid gametes, male sperm and female eggs, to form a diploid zygote.

Cloning

The process of producing individual organisms with identical or virtually identical DNA, either by natural or artificial means.

Fission

A mechanism of asexual reproduction involving separation of a parent into two or more genetically identical individuals.

Budding

A simple form of asexual reproduction where new individuals arise from outgrowths of existing ones.

Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction where new organisms grow from a small separated fragment of the parent organism.

Parthenogenesis

Development of a new individual from an unfertilized egg.

Hermaphroditism

A condition where each individual has both male and female reproductive systems.

External fertilization

Fertilization where eggs are shed by the female and fertilized by sperm in the external environment.

Internal fertilization

Fertilization that occurs inside the body, enabling sperm to reach an egg despite a dry external environment.

Gametes

Haploid cells produced by organisms for sexual reproduction, which combine to form a diploid zygote.

Gametogenesis

The process of producing gametes; includes oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Oogenesis

The development of a mature egg, which is a prolonged process.

Spermatogenesis

The formation of sperm, which is a continuous and prolific process.