Gynecological Disorders (General diagnosis)

What is endometriosis?

Abnormal endometrial tissue found outside its normal location (myometrium, fallopian tubes, peritoneum); most commonly found on laparscopy

Where is endometriosis most commonly found?

Ovaries

What are symptoms of endometriosis?

Abdominal pain, back pain, menorrhagia, painful intercourse, and possible infertility

What are uterine fibroids?

Benign uterine tumors of smooth muscle origin (leiomyoma)

What are symptoms of uterine fibroids?

Heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and painful intercourse; uterus will have painless nodules that are irregular and firm

What is pelvic inflammatory disease?

An infection of the upper female genital tract; most common complication of an STD (usually Chlamydia or Gonorrhea); includes salpingitis

What is salpingitis?

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Pregnancy in which implantation occurs outside the endometrium/endometrial cavity

What are symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy?

Presents with spotting, decreased blood pressure, decreased in HCG

What are symptoms of a normal pregnancy?

Increase HCG, nausea, weight gain, and breast tenderness; blood test would show human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)

What is a hydatiform mole?

A non viable embryo which develops in the placenta and presents with all the signs of pregnancy; very high HCG

What is choriocarcinoma?

A malignancy of the placenta due to abnormal epithelium

What is fibrocystic breast disease?

Multiple, round, freely moveable masses can be palpated; bilateral breast tenderness that is made worse with caffeine intake, ovulation, or menses; can be common among overweight diabetics

What is a fibroadenoma?

Most common benign breast tumor; usually <30 y.o.; non-tender, singular lump, 75% unilateral

What is breast cancer?

2nd most common cause of cancer death in women; most common >50 y.o.; most common location is upper/outer quadrant

What are symptoms of breast cancer?

Nipple retraction, bleeding, orange peel appearance, and dimpling (Paget’s disease of the breast); metastasis to axilla via the lymphatic system and will most likely be lytic when seen in the bone