Feline H+L ICVA Diseases

Anemia Of Chronic Disease:C.S

1. Lethargy + Pallor

2. Weakness + Reduced appetite

3. Weight loss

Anemia Of Chronic Disease:D.X

1. CBC/CHEM

2. Serum Iron studies

3. Bonemarrow Exam

Anemia Of Chronic Disease:T.X

1. Antimicrobials

2. Anti-inflammatory drugs

3. Chemo/Radiation: if neoplastic

4. Nutritional Support

5. Erythropoiesis stimulating agent

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:C.S

1. Pale MM

2. Lethargy + Weakness

3. Tachycardia + Tachypnea

4. Icterus (Jaundice)

5. Splenomegaly

6. Fever

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:D.X

1. CBC: Anemia, Reticulocytes, Spherocytosis

2. Coombs Test

3. CHEM: Hyperbilirubinemia

4. Blood Smear

   1. Spherocytes

   2. Polychromasia

   3. Anisocytosis

   4. nRBC

   5. Schistocytes

   6. Ghost cells

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:T.X

1. Immunosuppressive Therapy

2. Supportive Care

3. Treat underlying causes

4. Monitoring

Types of Anemia

1. Hemolytic Anemia

2. Blood loss Anemia

3. Iron deficiency Anemia

4. Anemia of Chronic Disease

5. Aplastic Anemia

   1. Renal Disease Anemia

Chylothorax:C.S

1. Respiratory restriction from pleural effusion

2. Lethargy + Inappetence

3. Non-productive cough

Chylothorax:D.X

1. Thoracic U/S

2. Thoracic

3. Thoracocentesis

   1. Milky white + pink opaque fluid

      1. High amount of triglycerides

Chylothorax:T.X

1. Tx possible underlying conditions

2. Idiopathic Rarely medically tx sucessfuly

3. Thoracocentesis If respiratory distress

4. Medical TX

   1. Rutin

   2. Low-fat diet

   3. Periodic thoracocentesis

5. SX TX

   1. Thoracic duct ligation + Pericadectomy: Best prognosis

Feline Infectious Anemia (Including Mycoplasma Haemofelis)

Tx: doxycycline and beware of esophagitis, if refractory: Prednisolone

Feline Panleukopena(Parvovirus):C.S

Mostly subclinical in adult cats

3 presentations in kittens

Peracute form

1. Fading kitten syndrome

2. High fever

3. Sudden death within 12 hrs

Acute form

1. Anorexia + fever

2. Vomit + Diarrhea+ severe dehydration

3. ± hematochezia, thickened loops, pain on abdominal palpation

In-utero/early neonatal form

1. ± cerebellar hypoplasia

   1. Intention tremor, head bobbing ataxia w/o weakness

   2. Wide based stance

Possible septicemia, endotoxemia

Feline Panleukopena:D.X

1. CBC: Profound leukpenia: Neutropenia then lymphopenia, Thrombocytopenia, Anemia

2. CHEM: Hypoproteinemia, Hypocholesterolemia, Hyponatrema, Azotemia, hypo/hyperglycemia

3. Serology( Hemagglutination inhibition) is gold standard but rarely used

Feline Panleukopena:T.X

1. Aggressive Fluids w/ balanced isotonic crystalloids

2. Broadspectrum ABX

3. Antiemetics

4. Antihelmintics

5. ± Vitamin B supplementation

20-50% survival rate

Hemangioma:C.S

Cutaneous/SubQ

1. Red or blue non painful masses on skin

Visceral

1. Rare

2. Liver or spleen

Hemangioma:D.X

1. HX + Exam

2. FNA or Biopsy

3. Imaging

4. Histopath

Hemangioma:T.X

1. SX Excision

2. Cyrotherapy or Laser Ablation

3. Monitoring

Lymphoblastic Leukemia:C.S

1. Anemia

2. Thrombocytopenia: Petechiae

3. Leukocytosis or Leukopenia

4. Hepatosplenomegaly

5. Lymphadenopathy

6. Fever

Lymphoblastic Leukemia:D.X

1. CBC

2. Bone Marrow Aspirate/ Biopsy

3. Flow cytometry

4. Imaging

Lymphoblastic Leukemia:T.X

1. Chemo

   1. COP

   2. CHOP

Lymphoma:C.S

1. Hallmark

   1. Weight loss, Lethargy, Anorexia, Diarrhea + Vomit

2. G.I Lymphoma

   1. Palpable Masses

3. Mediastinal

   1. Dyspnea, cough, pleural effusion

4. Peripheral LN

   1. General lymphadenopathy

5. Extranodal

   1. Depends on affected organ

Lymphoma:D.X

1. Imaging

2. Cytology + Histo

3. Immunophenotyping + PCR

4. PARR

   1. Distinguishes cancerous from benign

Lymphoma:T.X

1. Chemo

   1. CHOP

   2. COP

2. Supportive care

Mast Cell Tumor: C.S

Cutaneous MCT

1. Solitary raised nodules

   1. Head, neck, trunk

2. ± pruritic or ulcerated

Visceral MCT

1. Spleen(splenomegaly)

2. Non- specific signs

Mast Cell Tumor: D.X

1. Cytology

   1. FNA: Mast cells w/ metachromatic granules

2. Histopath: Definitive DX

3. Imaging

Mast Cell Tumor: T.X

1. Cutaneous MCT

   1. SX excision for localized

   2. Radiation Therapy

2. Visceral MCT

   1. Splenectomy if splenic MCT

   2. Chemo is mets or non-resectable

3. Supportive Care

   1. Antihistamines

   2. Corticosteroids

Transfusion Reaction: Types

1. Acute Hemolytic Reactions

2. Non-Hemolytic Immune

3. Non-Immune:

4. Citrate Toxicity:

Transfusion Reaction:C.S

1. Acute:

   1. Hemoglobinemia + Hemoglobinuria

   2. Fever + Tachycardia

   3. Hypotension + Dyspnea + Shock

2. FNHTR:

3. Allergic:

4. Non-Immune:

5. Citrate:

Transfusion Reaction:D.X

1. Blood typing + crossmatching

   1. To prevent acute hemolytic reactions

2. Monitoring during transfusion

3. Lab Tests

   1. CBC/CHEM

   2. Blood smear

   3. U/A

Transfusion Reaction:T.X

1. Acute: Stop transfusion, supportive care (Fluids + O2) and tx shock

2. FNHRT: Stop transfusion, antipyretics + monitoring

3. Allergic:Antihistamines, Corticosteroids, ± Epinephrine

4. Non-immune:

   1. Fluid overload: Diuretics

   2. Bacteria:ABX

   3. Citrate: Calcium supplement