History 10 Final Study

Final study guide questions on Industrial Revolution, industrial revolution and the rise of big business, colonialism, and the trans- Atlantic slave trade

What shifts in society made up the Industrial Revolution?

Production: hand tools- machines

Energy: manual power- fossil fuels

Workers: farms- factories

Populations: towns- cities

Wealth: kings- business owners

Health: standards improved dramatically

Trade: neighbour's- international markets

Market economics

You. Me. Everyone. The consumer. More people you sell to= higher profits

What changed in agriculture that started the Industrial Revolution

Improved soil quality

Inventions making crop production more affordable

Knowledge to use land more efficiently

The factory system

Workers and machines joined into one building to mass produce goods, which were then traded internationally for massive profits

Leaps forward in transportation

The new development in power sparked rapid improvements in transportation, such as canals, railways, and shipping

Nations that industrialized rapidly in Europe

Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, France, Britain/England

Capitalism

The economic system that the world works within. People, businesses, corporations, and companies are all in a competition for capital

Benefits of capitalism/market economics

Material well-being

Technology continually improves

Social mobility – you could move up in social class

Financial reward for those that succeeded.

Competition brings down prices

Variety of quality.

Food, Clothing, etc. is always in supply

Standard of living for those with good jobs raises dramatically.

Career and economic opportunities

Negatives of capitalism/market economics

Exploitation of workers, paid as little as possible

Child, labor, and slave slavery

Environmental disasters (fossil fuels and litter)

Over consumption of resources.

People are most selfish because they have to compete for money

Specialization

Becoming a specialist at one specific task

Luddism

Workers who snapped while working long hours, specialized tasks, with little recognition or reward

Colonialism

The domination of one country over political in economic life of another country/region

Why was Africa a target of European Countries and business men?

Because it had no nations, armies, or national boundaries and had vast resources, healthy large population, and few educated representatives that could argue against them

Nationalism

A belief that involves citizens identifying with one’s nation, the nation seeks to strengthen itself through all levels of life: education, protection, sports, etc.

What can we learn about explorers of this age?

In the industrialized world, nations competed with other Nations to acquire new resources, markets, a cheap workforce. Human rights is not a concept by which European governments function during this age

Three steps of the triangular trade?

1- European slave traders would acquire slaves in exchange for weapon/luxury goods, allowing European companies and countries to stay clear of the actual slave trade

2- middle passage: Slave, traders, transport slaves across oceans to islands in Central America

3-Europe benefits from massive payments from slaves and buying the product slaves make in the Americas at a cheap price

Results of colonialism/slave trade in Africa

1- Africa was divided into new boundaries and then left to rule democratically even while European corporation had and still owns almost all resources in African nations

2- When Europeans left Africa in the 1900s, vicious, power struggles waged for the new African countries

3-The slave trade displaced approximately 10 million Africans to the Americas