Med-Surg NUR 113 Exam 1 Prep - IV Therapy, Blood Admin, and Perioperative Nursing

A complete set of vocabulary flashcards covering IV fluids, blood administration, and perioperative nursing concepts from NUR 113 lecture notes.

Tonicity

The concentration of a solution compared to blood, with normal serum osmolality ranging from $270-300\,mOsm/L$.

Isotonic Solutions

IV fluids with an osmolality equal to blood, such as $0.9\% NaCl$ (Normal Saline) and Lactated Ringer's, which result in no fluid shift.

Lactated Ringer's (LR)

An isotonic solution considered the most 'physiologic' of all IV fluids, commonly used for burns, surgery, and trauma.

D5W ($5\%$ Dextrose in Water)

A solution that is isotonic in the bag but becomes hypotonic in the body once glucose is metabolized, providing free water replacement.

Hypotonic Solutions

Fluids like $0.45\% NaCl$ (Half-Normal Saline) that cause water to move INTO cells, making them swell.

Hypertonic Solutions

Fluids such as $3\% NaCl$ and $D10W$ that pull water OUT of cells, causing them to shrink.

Colloids

Volume expanders like Albumin or Dextran that stay in the intravascular space to increase cardiac output and blood pressure.

IV Catheter Gauge $14-16G$

Large-bore needles used for trauma, major surgery, and rapid fluid replacement.

IV Catheter Gauge $18G$

The standard needle size used for surgery and blood transfusions.

Infiltration

A complication where non-vesicant fluid leaks into tissue, signaled by swelling, coolness, pallor, and slowed flow.

Extravasation

A complication where vesicant fluid leaks into tissue, causing swelling, burning, blistering, and potential tissue necrosis.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein characterized by redness, warmth, a cord-like vein, and pain along the path of the vein.

Air Embolism

A medical emergency where air enters the venous system; nursing actions include clamping tubing and placing the patient in the Left Lateral Decubitus (Trendelenburg) position.

Fluid Overload

A condition caused by excessive fluid administration, presenting with a bounding pulse, hypertension, dyspnea, crackles, and JVD.

Packed Red Blood Cells (PRBCs)

A blood product used to treat symptomatic anemia and acute blood loss by increasing $O_2$-carrying capacity.

Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP)

A blood product used for clotting factor replacement, liver failure, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC).

Blood Administration Verification

A critical safety step performed at the bedside by two nurses to independently verify patient identity, blood type, Rh factor, and expiration date.

Infusion Time Limit (Blood)

A safety requirement stating that blood must be completely infused within $4\,hours$ of leaving the blood bank.

Acute Hemolytic Reaction

The most dangerous blood reaction caused by ABO incompatibility, presenting with fever, chills, severe low back/flank pain, and hematuria.

TACO (Circulatory Overload)

A transfusion reaction caused by too much fluid too fast, characterized by hypertension and pulmonary edema; treated with diuretics like Lasix.

TRALI (Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury)

An immune-mediated reaction within $6\,hours$ of transfusion caused by donor antibodies, characterized by hypotension and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates.

Preoperative Phase

The period beginning from the decision to have surgery until the patient is transferred to the operating room table.

Malignant Hyperthermia

A genetic emergency triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine, marked by muscle rigidity and a rapid temperature rise above $40^{\circ}C$.

Dantrolene

The specific IV medication used to treat life-threatening Malignant Hyperthermia.

Surgical Informed Consent: Nurse's Role

Acting as a witness to the patient's signature and verifying that the patient is competent and understands the procedure.

Mendelson's Syndrome

Aspiration pneumonia caused by inhaling gastric contents during anesthesia, which is 왜 NPO status is strictly enforced.

Surgical Time-Out

A safety checklist where the whole team stops before every procedure to verify correct patient identity, procedure, and site.

Flumazenil

The reversal agent used specifically for benzodiazepines like midazolam (Versed).

Naloxone

The reversal agent used specifically for opioids like fentanyl.

Aldrete Score

A recovery assessment score (Adequate activity, respiration, circulation, consciousness, and $O_2$ saturation) that must be $\ge 9$ to leave the PACU.

Atelectasis

The most common postoperative complication, typically occurring on Day $1-2$, characterized by decreased breath sounds and low $SpO_2$.

Paralytic Ileus

A postoperative complication where bowel sounds are absent and no flatus is passed, often requiring an NPO status and an NG tube.

The 5 W's of Postoperative Fever

A mnemonic for common fever causes: Wind (Atelectasis/Pneumonia), Water (UTI), Wound (Infection), Walking (DVT), and Wonder Drugs (Drug fever).

Sanguineous Drainage

Bright red surgical drainage that indicates active bleeding and requires close assessment.

Purulent Drainage

Yellow, green, or cloudy drainage with a foul odor that indicates a surgical site infection.