Population Dynamics and Migration

These flashcards cover key concepts related to population dynamics and migration, essential for understanding demographic changes and their effects.

Population doubling time

The time required for a population to double from a given base year if the current rate of growth continues.

Population density

The number of people per unit of land area.

Total fertility rate

The average lifetime number of births per woman in a population.

Below-replacement level fertility

Fertility rates that will eventually lead to population decline, resulting in a lack of support for the elderly and decreased economic productivity.

Factors that can facilitate or curb population growth

Education, financial incentives, increased immigration, economic stability, and contraception or family planning.

Leading cause of mortality for women of reproductive age in developing countries

Maternal deaths due to complications from pregnancies.

Net migration

The difference between total migration into a region and migration out of the same region.

Natural growth rate of a population

The difference between the crude birth rate and the crude death rate, not accounting for migration.

Malthusian theory of population

The theory that exponential population growth will eventually lead to catastrophe as resources become exhausted.

Demographic transition theory

The transition of a society from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates across different stages.

Marx's perspective on population and resources

He believed that population growth would be accompanied by resource growth, and that the issue is in the distribution of resources.

Four stages of the revised demographic transition theory

1) Pre-industrial: high birth and death rates; 2) Early industrial: high birth rates with falling death rates; 3) Mature industrial: low birth and death rates; 4) Post-industrial: low birth and death rates with high total population but slow growth.