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Last updated 4:10 AM on 6/4/26
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33 Terms

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Cardiorespiratory Endurance (CRE)
The ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients during sustained activity.
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Muscular Strength
The maximum amount of force a muscle can exert.
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Muscular Endurance
The ability of muscles to perform repeated contractions or sustain activity without fatigue.
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Flexibility
The ability to move a joint through its full anatomical range of motion.
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Body Mass Index (BMI)
A screening tool that estimates body composition using height and weight.
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BMI Formula
(Weight in pounds ÷ Height in inches²) × 703.
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Healthy Body Weight
The weight at which the body functions efficiently and maintains good health.
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Maximum Heart Rate (MHR) Formula
220 − Age.
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Target Heart Rate (THR)
The heart rate range used to improve cardiovascular fitness safely and effectively.
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Aerobic Exercise
Exercise that relies primarily on oxygen to produce energy during sustained activity.
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Examples of Aerobic Exercise
Running, swimming, biking, and other sustained activities.
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Muscular Strength Training
Heavy resistance with low repetitions (3–8 reps).
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Muscular Endurance Training
Lighter resistance with higher repetitions (8–15+ reps).
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Static Stretching
Slowly holding a muscle in a stretched position for 10–15 seconds.
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FITT Principle
Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type.
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Frequency (FITT)
How often exercise is performed.
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Intensity (FITT)
How hard the body is working during exercise.
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Time (FITT)
The duration of an exercise session.
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Type (FITT)
The specific mode or kind of activity performed.
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Law of Specificity
The body adapts specifically to the demands placed upon it.
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Law of Overload
The body must be challenged beyond its normal level to improve.
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Law of Progression
The gradual increase of training stress over time.
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Overtraining
Excessive training without adequate recovery.
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Reversibility
The loss of fitness adaptations when training stops.
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Detraining
Another term for reversibility; loss of fitness due to inactivity.
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Adaptation
The body's positive response to training stress that results in improved fitness.
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Agonist Muscle
The primary muscle responsible for producing a movement.
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Antagonist Muscle
The muscle that opposes or slows the action of the agonist.
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Stabilizer Muscle
A muscle that helps maintain posture and control during movement.
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Upper-Body Push Muscles
Pectorals, deltoids, and triceps.
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Upper-Body Pull Muscles
Latissimus dorsi, trapezius, and biceps.
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Core Muscles
Abdominals, obliques, and lower back muscles.
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Lower-Body Muscles
Quadriceps, hamstrings, glutes, and calves.