Genetics and Probability
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Flashcards covering key concepts in genetics and probability, including Punnett squares and the product and sum rules.
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11 Terms
Punnett Square
A diagram used to predict the outcome of a genetic cross by showing the possible allele combinations.
Product Rule
The probability of two or more independent events occurring together is calculated by multiplying their individual probabilities.
Sum Rule
The probability that any one of several mutually exclusive events will occur is equal to the sum of their individual probabilities.
Independent Assortment
The principle that alleles for different traits are inherited independently of one another.
Genotype
The genetic makeup of an individual, represented by letters (e.g., AA, Aa, aa).
Phenotype
The observable traits or characteristics of an individual.
Probability of 1
Indicates that an event is guaranteed to happen.
Probability of 0
Indicates that an event is guaranteed not to happen.
F1 Generation
The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross.
F2 Generation
The second generation of offspring, produced from a cross of the F1 generation.
Alleles
Different versions of a gene that determine a characteristic.