Unit 1.1 Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

Water boils and freezes at what temperatures?

• Boils at 100^oC

• Freezes at 0^oC

Thinking about water, what are 4 classes of examples of physical properties?

Color, odor, taste, and state

“Physical properties can be observed without-”

“-actually changing the identity of the sample.”

Define physical state, an important factor, and the three types

• The form in which matter exists

• At various temperatures

• Solid, liquid, gas

At 20^oC, what state would gold be in?

Solid

At 20^oC, what state would mercury be in?

Liquid

At 20^oC, what state would helium be in?

Gas

Explain the 3 states of matter of water (examples)

• Solid (snowman)

• Liquid (water droplet)

• Gas (clouds)

Define density

The amount of mass of a substance in a given volume

If two objects have an equal volume but one object contains more matter then this object is considered to be-

more dense

Define malleability

The ability to be compressed or pounded into a thin sheet without shattering

What is an example of malleability?

Aluminum can be hammered into sheets of aluminum foil

Define ductility

The ability to be stretched or drawn into the shape of a thread, strand, or wire

What is an example of ductility?

Candy taffy

What word is considered the opposite of ductile?

Brittle

Define thermal conductivity

The ability to transfer heat to something else

What is good at conducting heat? How is it related to thermal conductivity?

• Metal

• Heat from the burner to the metal pot to cook food

Define electrical conductivity

The ability for a substance to conduct electricity

What metal is good at electrical conductivity? Give a related example

• Copper

• Conductors can be made of copper (a conductor is a material that allows electric current/flow of electrons to pass through it easily)

Define solubility

The ability of one substance to dissolve into another

Define solute vs. solvent

A solute readily dissolves in a solvent

Each chemical will typically change from one state to another when?

At specific temperatures

What are the names of the two ‘points’ that occur at 0^oC?

• Melting point (from solid to a liquid)

• Freezing point (liquid to a solid)

Changing from a liquid to a gas is called-

Vaporization

When liquid turns into a gas this is called the- (think pot of hot water on a stove)

Boiling point

When gas becomes as liquid this is called-

Condensation

Define chemical property

Matters’ ability to react i.e. change into a new substance with different properties

Define combustibility. Give an example

• The ease/difficulty with which a substance burns

• Gasoline

Define reactivity with acids. Give an example

• The ease/difficulty with which a substance reacts with acids

• Baking soda reacts quickly with vinegar (an acid)

Define reactivity with water. Give an example

• The ease/difficulty with which a substance reacts with water

• Na and K react violently with water

Define qualitative analysis

Compare qualities you can observe to a predetermined sample or pattern

Define quantitative analysis. Units?

• Techniques that measure the quantity of a particular substance in a sample

• Percentages, grams, liters