Washington and Adams
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58 Terms
What is the Cabinet?
A group of advisors who help the President make decisions
Why did George Washington create the Cabinet?
To help him run the government and give expert advice
Who was Secretary of State in Washington’s Cabinet?
Thomas Jefferson
Who was Secretary of Treasury in Washington’s Cabinet?
Alexander Hamilton
What was the job of the Secretary of State?
Handle foreign policy and relations with other countries
What was the job of the Secretary of Treasury?
Handle the country’s money and economy
Why did America have debt after the Revolutionary War?
The government borrowed money to pay for the war
What was Hamilton’s Financial Plan?
A plan to fix debt and strengthen the economy
What was assumption of state debts?
The federal government taking responsibility for state debts
Why did Hamilton want the federal government to assume state debts?
To strengthen the federal government and build trust
What was the national bank?
A bank created to store government money and stabilize the economy
Why did Jefferson oppose the national bank?
He believed it was unconstitutional and gave too much power to the federal government
What is the elastic clause?
A part of the Constitution that allows Congress to do what is necessary and proper
What is a tariff?
A tax on imported goods
Why did Hamilton support tariffs?
To raise money and protect American businesses
What was the whiskey tax?
A tax on whiskey created to raise money
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A protest by farmers against the whiskey tax
Why did farmers protest the whiskey tax?
It hurt their income and they depended on whiskey for money
How did Washington respond to the Whiskey Rebellion?
He sent 13,000 soldiers to stop it
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?
It proved the federal government was strong and could enforce laws
What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?
Created the federal court system
What is the purpose of the Supreme Court?
To interpret laws and the Constitution
What was impressment?
Britain capturing American sailors and forcing them into the British navy
Why did Britain use impressment?
They needed more sailors for their navy
Why did impressment anger Americans?
It violated American rights and freedom
What was Jay’s Treaty?
A treaty between the United States and Britain to avoid war
Who negotiated Jay’s Treaty?
John Jay
Why did Federalists support Jay’s Treaty?
It prevented war and protected trade
Why did Democratic
Republicans oppose Jay’s Treaty?
What was Pinckney’s Treaty?
A treaty between the United States and Spain
Why was Pinckney’s Treaty important?
It allowed Americans to use the Mississippi River for trade
Why was the Mississippi River important?
Farmers used it to transport crops
What was the Treaty of Greenville?
A treaty where Native Americans gave land to the United States
Why was the Treaty of Greenville important?
It allowed Americans to expand west
What were political parties?
Groups with different ideas about government
Who led the Federalist Party?
Alexander Hamilton
What did Federalists believe in?
Strong federal government and national bank
Who supported the Federalists?
Wealthy people, merchants, and northern states
Who led the Democratic
Republican Party?
What did Democratic
Republicans believe in?
Who supported Democratic
Republicans?
What did Washington warn about in his Farewell Address?
Political parties and foreign alliances
Why did Washington warn about political parties?
He believed they would divide the country
Why did Washington warn about foreign alliances?
He wanted America to stay neutral
Who was the second president of the United States?
John Adams
What was the XYZ Affair?
France demanded a bribe from American diplomats
Why did the XYZ Affair anger Americans?
Americans felt disrespected and insulted
What was the result of the XYZ Affair?
Americans became angry at France and almost went to war
What were the Alien Acts?
Laws allowing the president to deport foreigners
Why did Federalists pass the Alien Acts?
To weaken their political opponents
What was the Sedition Act?
A law making it illegal to criticize the government
Why was the Sedition Act controversial?
It violated freedom of speech
What were the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Documents saying states could ignore unconstitutional federal laws
Who wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions?
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
What idea did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions introduce?
States’ rights
Why was Washington’s presidency important?
He set precedents and helped establish the new government
Why was Hamilton important?
He created the financial system that stabilized the economy
Why was this time period important?
It helped establish the government, economy, and political system of the United States