Final Exam Mental and Behavioral Health

Mental Health Continuum Model

A perspective of how to look at mental health that describes states a person can experience over time

Recovery Model

A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life and strive to reach their full potential

Evidence-Based Practice

The “conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual clients”

Resilience

The capacity to adapt, navigate, and persevere through adversity, setbacks, and trauma

Stigma

A sign of disgrace or discredit which distinguishes the person from others

Labeling Theory

Explains diagnostic labels and social reactions and how having those things affect how people are perceived and eventually how they see themselves

Normalization Theory

Suggests people with mental illness should have access to life conditions or routines or roles that are as close as possible to normal society

Empathy

The ability to understand and share the feelings of another by "walking in their shoes," creating a deep, shared connection

Compassion

Empathy combined with a desire to act and help relieve suffering; it is a motivation for action

Functional Cognition

How people use and integrate their thinking and processing skills to accomplish everyday activities in clinical and community living settings

Cognitive Disabilities Model

A model that explains how the person's cognitive capacity limits them or enables their occupational performance

Metacognition

Your thinking about your own thinking; what you think your thinking skills are and how you reflect on that

Executive Functions

Cognitive skills including impulse control, inhibition, understanding personal space, decision-making, and problem solving

Sensory Processing

How individuals register, modulate, and respond to sensory input of any kind and how these patterns affect engagement in occupations

Sensory Modulation

The brain’s ability to respond appropriately to the sensory environment and to remain at the appropriate level of arousal or alertness to participate in daily life

Motivation

The source of energy that moves people to meaningful occupation; it is central to initiating and sustaining participation

Emotional Regulation

The ability to manage and respond to your emotions effectively, playing a crucial role in maintaining mental health and overall well-being

Alexithymia

A concept that focuses on difficulty in awareness of different emotions, including trouble identifying and differentiating them in self and others

Coping

Using thoughts and behaviors to manage or overcome difficult, stressful or challenging situations

Fear

A biological and emotional response to an immediate threat

Anxiety

A future-oriented, generalized emotional state that combines physiological, cognitive, and behavioral processes

Worry

A cognitive process caused by negative repetitive thoughts about future events or uncertainties

Psychosis

A loss of contact with reality and a disruption of thoughts and perceptions

Delusions

Distortions in thoughts or false beliefs

Hallucinations

Distortions in perceptions

Dark Occupations

Occupations that are not considered health-promoting, productive, or prosocial and may not align with societal norms or legal standards

Anorexia Nervosa

Characterized by the person engaging in behaviors to restrict energy intake (food intake) which results in a significantly low body weight coupled with a fear of gaining weight and disturbances in body image

Bulimia Nervosa

An individual eats an amount of food that is abnormally large over a specified period of time (two hours) with a loss of a sense of control... coupled with inappropriate compensatory behaviors, such as self-induced vomiting or excessive exercise

Binge-Eating Disorder

Binge eating and a lack of self-control WITHOUT the inappropriate compensatory behaviors

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Disorder of restricting food intake because of the perception of the food as unappetizing, sensory issues, or textural

Pica

Eating non-nutritive food substances

Rumination Disorder

Regurgitating food; throw it up and then swallow it

Mood Disorders

An overarching categorical term... [that] encapsulate ongoing feelings of sadness, disengagement, or disinterest

Major Depressive Disorder

One major depressive episode that lasts at least two weeks

Persistent Depression Disorder (Dysthymia)

Functional but depressed mood most of the day for more days than not for at least two years

Euthymia

A state of living without mood disturbances commonly associated with bipolar disorder

Manic Episode

A distinct period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood and abnormally and persistently increased energy

Hypomanic Episode

Similar to mania, but less severe; does not cause marked impairment or require hospitalization; No psychotic features

Bipolar I

Hallmark is it starts with at least one manic episodes that requires hospitalization

Bipolar II

Involves at least one hypomanic and one major depressive disorder for the diagnosis

Cyclothymic Disorder

A milder form of bipolar disorder, representing a chronic mood disturbance

Positive Symptoms

Behaviors or changes in behaviors that are not typically present in others

Negative Symptoms

Behaviors or emotions that are deficient

Alogia

Decreased verbal output; poverty of speech; answer yes or no

Asociality

Social disinterest; lack of social drive

Avolition

Lack of motivation; lack of working toward goals; trouble completing daily tasks

Schizoaffective Disorder

Symptoms of schizophrenia along with symptoms of mood disorder

Substance Abuse

Chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive use of alcohol or drugs despite severe or harmful consequences

Tolerance

Body gets used to a substance, so in order to get the same effect, you will need larger doses

Withdrawal

When you stop a substance, you are going to experience physical or mental symptoms

Co-Occurring Disorders

Mental health and Substance abuse disorder

Spoon Theory

A unit of measurement to visualize the mental and physical energy a person has available for activities of everyday life and productive tasks throughout a given amount of time