9 Chapter leadership vs management

Leadership

process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to achieve group or organizational goals 

Manager

Looks after day-to-day operations:

* Planning
* Organizing
* Controlling
* Leading (coordinating)

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**Leader**

individual able to exert influence over other people to help achieve goals

Trait Model of Leadership

is a model that claims certain traits are vital for effective leadership, such as intelligence, confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability. This theory suggests that individuals with these traits are more likely to become successful leaders.

Behavioural Model of Leadership

an approach used by companies to better understand and predict consumer actions:

1- **Consideration (employee-centered) behaviours:**

managers show care, trust and respect towards subordinates

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2- **Initiating structure (production–oriented) behaviours:**  leaders define and structure their role and the roles of their subordinates in order to achieve organizational goals

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Situational (contingency) Model of Leadership

 every situation that requires leadership is different and requires a specific type of leader. The favorability of a situation depends on how much influence and power you have as a leader.

Visionary Model of Leadership

focuses on creating a vision for the future and inspiring others to make it a reality

manager vs leadership

* Managers promote stability, whereas leaders push for change
* Managers implement vision and strategy, leaders provide it
* Managers are appointed, leaders can be appointed or emerge organically

**Personal leadership style** 

specific ways a manager chooses to influence others and how they approach planning, organizing and controlling 

Path-Goal theory and its different styles

 determine an appropriate leadership style, depending on the situation and the people they're leading. It's based on four leadership styles: supportive, directive, participative, and achievement-oriented.

4 type leadership styles

Behaviours that leaders can use to motivate subordinates:

1-***Directive behaviours:*** setting goals, assigning tasks, showing subordinates how to complete tasks, and taking concrete steps to improve performance

2- ***Supportive behaviours:*** expressing concern for subordinates and looking out for their best interests

3- ***Participative behaviours:*** give subordinates a say in matters and decisions that affect them

4- ***Achievement-oriented behaviours:*** motivate subordinates to perform at the highest level possible

Visionary Model of Leadership

Employees are motivated by leaders who espouse a strong, compelling vision for the organization

Transactional Leadership (Visionary Model of Leadership)

leadership style where leaders rely on rewards and punishments to achieve optimal job performance from their subordinates

Transformational (4 I’d) model (Visionary Model of Leadership)

**To make** subordinates aware of the importance of their jobs and performance to the organization:

1- **I**dealized influence (Charisma): leader acts as a role model

2- **I**nspirational motivation: Provides compelling vision and sense of mission

3- **I**ntellectual stimulation: Stimulates the intelligence of subordinates, Inspires subordinates to exceed standards

4- **I**ndividualized consideration: Shows consideration for personal growth needs of subordinates

ways to transform subordinates (transformational model)

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1\.Subordinates have increased awareness of the importance of their jobs and high performance to the organization as a whole

2\.Subordinates are made aware of their own needs for growth, development, and accomplishment

3\.Subordinates work for the good of the organization as a whole, not just for their own personal gain or benefit