Quarterly Exam 4- Dive Biology

A bass eating a minnow and a copepod eating an algae is an example of _________________.

Predation

The “aging” of an ecosystem is known as ________________.

Succession

A blue-green algae that produces a toxin harmful to diatoms is an example of ____________________.

Amensalism

A remora that cleans up the scraps after a shark makes its kill is an example of __________________.

Commensalism

Lichens and coral are both examples of __________________.

Mutualism

A tick on a dog is an example of __________________.

Parasitism

Bluebonnets and Indian paintbrush growing in the same field is an example of __________________.

Competition

A killer whale eating a puffin is an example of _________________.

Predation

On tropical coral reefs, the _______________ of the parrotfish is to prevent algae from smothering the coral.

Niche

The worship of the physical world is known as _________________.

Pantheism

Which of the following statements best describes the movement of energy in an ecosystem?

Sunlight is stored as chemical energy (sugar), and then released as heat energy during cellular respiration

Choose the best answer. On an island, one factor that can influence _________________ is the island's distance from the mainland.

species richness

Which of the following best describes equilibrium, or k-strategist organisms?

Long-lived, produce few offspring and provide parental care

Energy transfer between trophic levels is not very efficient, as only about ________ of available energy is transferred from one level to the next.

10%

According to Malthus, which of the following situations is inevitable in a population?

Population growth will always end up outpacing food production.

Who used Malthus' ideas, which were not based on any scientific data, as a cornerstone for his own theory?

Darwin

The theory of demographic transition does not fit God's design for humans described in Genesis 1:26-28. According to 2008-2009 statistics, the nation that best models God's plan for taking dominion and being fruitful in both human growth and in general is

United States of America

Which of the following is NOT considered a renewable resource?

Uranium

In the early 1980's, the red drum populations along the Texas coast were at all-time lows, the result of overfishing. As of 2012, populations are excellent again. One thing that was learned from studying red drum life history was that the MOST effective means of maintaining the population was to

protect the adult population

The LEAST effective method to control pests like cockroaches or rodents over a long period would be to

Use pesticides

Which of the following animals is considered "majestic" in the wild, but a major pest when ranchers are not allowed to control populations on their land?

Wolf

Which of the following would be the best management method for a farmer to reduce eutrophication caused by excess fertilizer runoff from his fields?

Plan and implement a nutrient budget to optimize fertilizer use.

The study of tissues is called _________________.

Histology

The layer of skin that is visible to you is the _____________________.

Epidermis

Squamous cells produce ___________________, a tough, protective protein that makes up the majority of the structure of human skin, hair, and nails.

keratin

A fracture that involves the complete breakage of a bone, as well as protrusion of the broken bone through the skin, is known as a/an __________________.

Compound Fracture

The joint that gives the most freedom of movement is the ___________________.

Ball and Socket

The soft tissue lining found in joint cavities, that produces a lubricating fluid, is called the_______________.

synovial membrane

Because "slow twitch" muscles are built for stamina, you would expect them to have a higher concentration of ________________ than fast twitch muscles, which quickly run out of energy.

Mitochondria

What muscle closes the jaw?

Masseter

What muscle is attached to the Achilles tendon?

Gastrocnemius

What muscle raises or lowers the shoulder?

Trapezius

Brown, black, or yellow pigments in the skin are the result of ________________.

Melanocytes

The two main regions of a long bone are the shaft (diaphysis) and the ___________________.

Epiphysis

The conversion of cartilage into bone is called __________________.

Ossification

Tendons connect ______________________.

Muscle to Bone

Ligaments connect _____________________.

Bone to Bone

The sliding action of actin and myosin fibers during skeletal muscle contraction requires which of the following?

ATP

Muscle fibers are contained within__________________.

fascicles

Essential organic substances required by your body are known as ________________.

Vitamins

The rhythmic, muscular motion that moves food through the alimentary canal is known as _________________.

Peristalsis

The main purposes of food are to supply “parts” for growth and repair and to provide ___________________.

Energy

The four layers of the digestive tract include the mucosa, __________________, muscular, and serous layer.

submucosa

The amount of energy stored by a food item is typically measured in _____________.

Calories

Your basal metabolic rate can be determined by measuring the amount of oxygen that you use while__________________.

at rest

Which of the following substances acts as an emulsifier of fats during digestion?

bile

Which of the following is a fat-soluble vitamin found in things like salmon, milk, and egg yolks?

Vitamin D

The digested macronutrients pass through the ____________ of the small intestine, and are absorbed into the bloodstream

Villi

In the early 21st Century, Dr. Randy Jirtle of Duke University discovered a connection between BPA, a chemical used in some plastics (water bottles, for example) and overexpression of genes in mice that led to diabetes in the offspring. He found that by feeding the offspring nutrients high in methyl donor groups (mainly B vitamins), that he was able to reverse the excess gene expression, and the following generation did not have diabetes. Because many experiments on mice yield similar results on humans, one thing we should conclude is that:

DNA methylation patterns are affected by diet and can be inherited, but future generations can reverse the patterns through proper diet and improved understanding of the processes involved.

A man performed a breathing test, and had a tidal volume of 500 ml, an inspiratory reserve volume of 3500 ml, and an expiratory reserve volume of 1400 ml. What was his vital capacity?

5400 ml

In the lungs, the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen occurs at the _____________.

Alveoli

Inspiration and expiration are aided by the ________________.

Diaphragm

Air moves from regions of high pressure to regions of low pressure. Therefore, during inspiration air pressure inside the lungs is ______________ than atmospheric pressure.

Lower