ANSC 440 - Final Multiple Choice

Which is a true function of the kidney?

balance blood pH

Passive diffusion channels in the cell membrane are made of which primary biochemical group?

proteins

Which of the following describes connective tissue?

none of the answers describe connective tissue

What is the role of Vitamin K in the body?

Assists blood coagulation

Which is true of active transport in the cell membrane (i.e. protein pumps)?

means movement from a low concentration to a high concentration gradient

Which one of the following body fluid compartments has most amount of water?

Intracellular

Epithelial tissue characteristics come from types of cells, however some epithelial cells can make tough fibrous proteins similar to connective tissue cells. Which of the below are specific to epithelial tissue?

Keratin

In a healthy animal (including humans) what is the percentage of body weight that is NOT composed of water?

40%

The adult human body has approximately 30 trillion cells. Adult cattle have more cells, adult rabbits have fewer cells. Which cell type makes up 80% of all cells in domestic animals and humans?

erythrocytes

Which cell is an agranulocyte?

Lymphocytes

The Golgi apparatus (a cell organelle) is associated with:

Packaging cellular materials for transport.

Erythrocytes are placed in a solution that causes them to swell and increase in size so much they rupture. The solution is:

hypotonic

What is the fate of erythrocytes placed into a hypotonic solution?

They increase in volume.

In the osmosis diffusion lab, what happened to glucose after 30 minutes in the dialysis tubing?

The glucose diffused out of the permeable dialysis tubing/bag into the surrounding distilled water

Which below most accurately approximates deadly levels of dehydration in most domestic animals (i.e. including humans)?

12%

Does parasympathetic stimulation increase intestinal muscle and gastrointestinal activity? T or F

True

Are red blood cell lifespans shorter than most white blood cells in domestic mammals? T or F

False

In avian respiration, gas exchange in the para bronchial mantles ("lungs") occurs only during inspiration? T or F?

False

Is heat stroke is worse than heat exhaustion? T or F

True

Hematopoiesis refers to:

general blood production.

We prescribe EPO (erythropoietin hormone) to cancer patients because it helps:

Counteracts chemotherapy RBC reduction

Which one of the following cells assists in hemostasis (prevention of blood loss)?

Thrombocytes (producing platelets)

Polycythemia is:

Too high hematocrit

Which gland type is associated with the secretion of hormones "outside" the body (e.g. pheromones, digestion hormones/enzymes)?

Exocrine

What is the role of calcium ions in the contraction of skeletal muscle?

Calcium ions bind to the troponin-tropomyosin complex and remove their inhibitory action on actin/myosin interaction.

The inner surface of bones is covered by:

endosteum

Which part of the eye is involved with the disease of cataracts?

lens

Which disease do most people acquire with age forcing them to need reading glasses?

presbyopia

The portion of the nervous system specifically known for sensory input is the:

afferent NS

Which of the following statements about smooth muscle is true?

Fibers are small and spindle shaped.

The “growth” of the epiphyseal plate and its matrix is accomplished by which cell type:

chondrocytes

Bone cells that are responsible for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women are called:

osteoclasts

Beginning cranially and extending caudally, the vertebral groups are:

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.

Generally, neurons work by:

Chemical (neurotransmitter) stimulation, electrical impulse down axon, and release of chemical (neurotransmitter) across synapse

Which is the area of phonation (voicebox)?

Larynx

Emphysema and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) causes:

Difficulty exhaling

The amount of air remaining in your lungs that can’t be exhaled is the:

Residual capacity/volume

As compared with alveolar air, atmospheric air has:

Higher P02, Lower PC02, and Higher/Similar PN2

During inspiration, the intrapulmonic pressure

decreases

The P02 of blood in the pulmonary arteries is:

lower (less oxygen) than the P02 of blood in the pulmonary veins

During expiration:

intrapleural and intrapulmonic pressures are increased

Dyspnea breathing is defined as:

Abnormal or irregular/difficult breathing (e.g. gasping)

The lymphatic system:

all of the answers describe lymph.

Unoxygenated blood enters the:

Pulmonary artery from the right ventricle.

Blood pumped from the right pulmonary vein goes to the:

Left Atria.

Blood flow through the heart, starting in the pulmonary vein, follows the order:

left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aortic semilunar valve, aortic arch.

Because of its role, the chamber in the heart with the LARGEST muscle mass is the:

Left Ventricle

During ventricular relaxation (diastole):

the semilunar valves are closed and the A-V valves are open.

Which one of the following circulatory divisions has the lowest blood velocity (speed)?

Capillaries

Which one of the following organs is active in the destruction of erythrocytes, stores iron, acts as a blood reservoir, phagocytizes foreign material, and produces lymphocytes?

The Spleen

When antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary is inhibited by ethanol, what will happen to the fluid in the collecting ducts of the kidney?

Filtrate will become more dilute (more water).

Blood glucose (sugar) concentration is increased by the secretion of:

glucagon

Thyroxine

levels determined by Iodine in diet

Growth and muscle accretion

Anabolic process

Shrinking and muscle wasting

Catabolic process

Somatostatin

Commercial milk production increase in cattle

Parathyroid hormone

Bone heath through calcium regulation

Adrenal gland

Directly regulates response to stress

Associated with obesity

insulin resistance

Aldosterone

Indirectly regulates water reabsorption

The cells that maintain mature compact bone are

osteocytes

Which one of the following body fluid compartments has least amount of water?

Transcellular

Compared to low altitude Chico, people (and most domestic livestock) at high altitudes have:

Higher hematocrit

In human blood types what does the "+" and "-" mean? And are they donor compatible?

"+" means Rh (rhesus) antigen presence, and "-" means Rh absence, not donor compatible

The water requirement of a 1,000 lb (454 kg) cow is about 30 L each day. If a calf weighs 100 lb (23  kg) and has about one-fifth the body surface area of the cow, what would be its approximate water requirement each day?

6 L

Which one of the following statements is correct as it relates to tolerance to dehydration? (e.g. who can go the longest without water)

Sheep have better tolerance than cattle and pigs.

Cardiac-muscle cells have separations between adjacent cells known as inter-calated disks. Their function is to:

provide for low electrical resistance and thus facilitate depolarization from one cell to the next.

The epiphyseal “growth” plate:

is a cartilage plate between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Panting reduces body temperature in many domesticated animals and is:

the total volume of the airways (anatomic volume)

A pulmonary physiologic dead space is:

tidal volume without gas exchange

Venous blood (unoxygenated) enters the:

pulmonary trunk from the right ventricle

As compared with atmospheric air, alveolar air has:

Lower PO₂, Higher PCO₂, and Lower PN₂

Compared to low altitude Chico, people (and most domestic livestock) at high altitudes have:

Higher hematocrit

Diffusion of gases between air and blood occurs mostly in the:

alveoli

During expiration, air pressures inside the lungs are increased. T or F

True

Dyspnea breathing is defined as:

Abnormal or irregular/difficult breathing (e.g. gasping

Emphysema and COPD cause

Difficulty exhaling

Eupneic breathing is considered to be:

Normal relaxed breathing

In avian respiration, caudal air sacs ventilate the parabronchial mantles during expiration. T or F

True

The PO₂ of blood in the pulmonary arteries is higher than the PO₂ of blood in the pulmonary veins. T or F

False

The amount of air breathed in or out during the respiratory cycle is known as:

Tidal volume

The amount of air remaining in your lungs that can’t be exhaled is the:

Residual capacity/volume

Which respiratory structures serve to warm and humidify inhaled air and also to cool blood going to the brain?

Turbinates/Conchae

Air in alveolus, and in the body generally, has greater PCO₂ than atmospheric air. T or F

True

Hyperpnoea breathing is defined as:

Increased depth or frequency of breathing

Blood flow through the heart, starting in the pulmonary vein, follows the order:

left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aortic arch

During ventricular relaxation (diastole):

The semilunar valves are closed and the A-V valves are open

The heart chamber(s) with the least muscle mass is the:

Left and right atria

Blood pumped from the left ventricle goes through the:

Aortic semilunar valve

Blood pumped from the right pulmonary vein goes to the:

Left atrium

The aorta, vena cava, esophagus, and large lymph vessels occupy a space between the lungs and the internal walls within the thorax called the:

Mediastinal space

The sounds the heart makes are the lub/dub and are specifically from:

Tricuspid/bicuspid (A-V) valves closing, then the pulmonary/aortic (semilunar) valves closing

Which one of the following circulatory divisions has the highest pressure?

Arteries

Which one of the following circulatory divisions has the lowest blood velocity (speed)?

Capillaries

Which one of the following circulatory divisions has the lowest pressure?

Veins

In a blood pressure measurement of 110/70, the number 110 is the:

Systolic pressure

Which of the following best describes veins?

Thin-walled, large lumens, low pressure, have one-way valves

In a healthy animal what percentage of body weight is composed of water?

60%

Decreased plasma osmolality relative to normal/healthy levels means:

Greater water in the blood than the healthy range

The median plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral parts. T or F

False