Fish Global Final

What does the term 'fish' include in aquaculture according to Tomasso?

Fish, crustaceans, and mollusks.

What percentage of seafood for humans is provided by aquaculture?

56%.

How many million metric tons (MMT) of animals and seaweeds does aquaculture produce?

88 MMT of animals and 35 MMT of seaweeds.

In 2015, what percentage of total animal protein consumed by humans came from fish?

17%.

Where was most seafood cultured in 2016?

Asia (89%).

Why is most aquaculture production located in Asia?

It is cheaper to grow fish there.

What percentage of aquaculture production occurs in the Americas, Europe, and Africa?

Americas: 4%, Europe: 4%, Africa: 3%.

Why is aquaculture considered multidisciplinary?

It involves multiple fields of study.

What disciplines are involved in aquaculture?

Nutrition, economics, animal health, genetics, reproduction, water quality, mechanical engineering.

What is the definition of aquaculture according to Tomasso?

Growing organisms in water.

What are the main goals of aquaculture?

Produce fish for stock, human consumption, ornamentals, and bait.

What are pond culture systems like?

Shallow, static systems with some aeration; common in the southeastern U.S.

What are raceway systems?

Long, narrow structures with constant water flow; made of concrete or earthen material.

What species are commonly raised in raceways?

Trout and salmon.

What are cage culture systems?

Systems placed in larger bodies of water.

What is a net pen?

A cage without a rigid frame.

What is a RAS (Recirculating Aquaculture System)?

Tanks with filtration systems; usually indoor and expensive.

Why do fish need oxygen?

For energy conversion in cells.

What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?

It is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport system (ETS).

What happens when oxygen is limited?

Organisms switch to anaerobic metabolism, which is harmful long-term.

How does temperature affect oxygen demand in fish?

Oxygen demand increases as temperature increases.

How does salinity affect oxygen availability?

Oxygen decreases as salinity increases.

What is stratification in aquaculture ponds?

Layering of water that can lead to low oxygen at the bottom.

Why are anoxic sediments dangerous?

They produce hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), which is toxic to fish.

How is stratification managed in ponds?

Mechanical aeration to mix water.

When is aeration typically used in ponds?

Usually at night.

What type of aeration is constant in raceways and RAS?

Continuous aeration.

What is active aeration?

Aeration that requires a motor.

What is passive aeration?

Aeration using natural forces like wind or waterfalls.

How can diffusion rate of oxygen be increased?

Splashing water and breaking/mixing the surface layer.

What is paddlewheel aeration?

A mechanical aeration method that splashes and circulates water.

What is a standard swivel standpipe drain?

A drain placed on the dry side of a levee with a screened intake on the wet side.

What are demand feeders?

Feeders that release food when triggered by fish.

What are the advantages of demand feeders?

Save labor and reduce wasted feed.

What percent of seafood we consume in the US is imported according to Luke

90%

How does the National Aquaculture Act of 1980 influence the application of aquaculture in the US

declares that aquaculute has the potential for reducing the US trade deficit in fisheries products and promotes the development of aquaculture as a viable alternative to wild fishing.

What is the number one fish produced in the US

catfish

True or False: in correlation with catfish production, the US has several atfish farms

False

What are the main markets for aquaculture in the US

• food fish

• sportfish

• baitfish

• ornamental

• environmental remediation

Give some examples of food fish produced in the US

• catfish

• tilapia

• shrimp

• crawfish

Give some examples of baitfish cultured in the US

• golden shiners

• goldfish

• tadpoles

• bream

True or False: alligator, tilapia, shrimp, and striped bass are some examples of minor fish produced in the Southeast

True

What species is North Carolina known for producing and receives 134.1 million in revenue

Trout

What is arkansas the leader producer of and recieves 48.1 million in revenue for it

baitfish; produced in earthen ponds

True or False: alongside bait fish, Arkansas is also the leading producer of sportfish; specifically largemouth bass and sunfish

True

As of recently Alabama has been a growing producer of this species alongside the already formed top producers: Florida and Virginia

mollusks (oysters)

These three states are competition for catfish production, what are they

Arkansas, Mississippi, Alabama (mississippi currently top)

How are catfish harvested

using a seine attached to a tractor

What are the different cuts of catfish that are marketed

• whole

• steaks

• fillets and nuggets

• strips

What are some issues that the US aquaculture industry faces in production

• big fish problem in catfish industry

• bird depredation

• disease

What is the big fish problem in the catfish industry

blue catfish rapidly exceeding marketable size by age 3