Chap 13-17 basic summary

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Last updated 2:23 AM on 5/11/26
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14 Terms

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Dorsal Root

Sensory (afferent) pathway that brings information into the CNS.

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Ventral Root

Motor (efferent) pathway that sends information out to the body.

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Reflex Arc Order

The sequence: Stimulus → sensory neuron → interneuron (integration center) → motor neuron → effector.

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Effector

A muscle or gland that responds to a stimulus.

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Ascending Tracts

Sensory information going to the brain.

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Descending Tracts

Motor commands coming from the brain.

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Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Fluid that cushions the brain and spinal cord, circulating nutrients and waste.

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Meninges

Three protective layers surrounding the brain and spinal cord: dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater.

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Sensory Adaptation

The decreased response to a constant stimulus, such as not feeling clothes after a while.

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General Senses

Includes touch, pain, pressure, and temperature.

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Special Senses

Includes vision, hearing, smell, taste, and equilibrium.

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Acetylcholine (ACh)

A neurotransmitter primarily associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.

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Norepinephrine

A neurotransmitter primarily associated with the sympathetic nervous system.

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Ossicles

Three small bones in the ear: malleus, incus, and stapes.